Directions in processing of Tengizsk crude

Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 5, pp. 2–3, May, 1992.     

Identification and characterization of the murine homologue of CD22, a B lymphocyte-restricted adhesion molecule

The human B lymphocyte-specific Ag, CD22, is a cell adhesion molecule expressed on the surface during a narrow window of B cell development, coincident with surface IgD. A ligand for CD22 has recently been identified on human T cells as the low molecular mass isoform of the leukocyte common Ag, CD45RO. CD22 has been reported to function in the regulation of both T and B cell activation in vitro. In this study, we report the isolation and expression of a molecular cDNA clone encoding the murine homologue of CD22, mCD22. Within their predicted protein sequences, murine and human sequences overall have 62% identity, which includes 18 of 20 extracellular cysteines and six of six cytoplasmic tyrosines. BHK cells transfected with mCD22 cDNA specifically adhere to resting and activated T lymphocytes and in addition bound activated, but not resting, B cells. Five Th clones were analyzed for their ability to adhere to mCD22; two Th0 clones and one Th1 clone bound CD22+ BHK transfectants, but not all T cell clones bound CD22+ cells: another Th1 clone and a Th2 clone did not. mCD22+ BHK transfectants were also specifically bound by the B cell-specific mAb, NIM-R6, demonstrating that this mAb is specific for murine CD22. Human cell lines expressing the counter-receptors for human CD22 were also examined for adhesion to the murine CD22 homologue; the epitope responsible for B cell adhesion to CD22 is conserved, whereas the T cell epitope binding to CD22 is not. The cDNA and mAb to murine CD22 will be useful for defining the in vivo function of CD22.     

Morphological and kinetics study of PEO/PVC blends

The kinetics of spherulite radial growth and the morphology of the compatible system PEO/PVC have been studied by optical microscopy. The usual spherulite radial growth behaviour has been found for compatible blends with PEO content higher than 70%. For lower composition, distortion of the usual spherulite morphology has been observed; the anomalies have been attributed to partial miscibility of the components.     

Applications of ultrashort pulse propagation in Bragg gratings forwavelength-division multiplexing and code-division multiple access

We discuss theoretical and experimental studies on the propagation of ultrashort pulses through fiber Bragg gratings. We also consider several applications in optical communications to be found by combining ultrashort pulses and fiber Bragg gratings: a multiwavelength source for wavelength-division-multiplexed systems and a means for implementing optical code-division multiple access     

Optical dot gain on newsprint determined with the Lund nuclear microprobe

A technique for measuring optical dot gain, i.e. the relative difference between the actual screen dot and the optically perceived one, is presented. By combining measurements from the non-optical nuclear microprobe with data from image analyzing technique the optical dot gain can be determined. The procedure to reach pixel by pixel correlation on a micrometer scale is discussed. In the newsprint sample studied in this investigation a typical optical dot gain between 15 and 20% was deduced. The variation in the optical dot gain was correlated with other characteristic parameters of the print and newsprint and especially a positive correlation to the mass density of the newsprint was observed.     

US trends in nutrient intake: the 1987 and 1992 National Health Interview Surveys

OBJECTIVES: This study examined US trends in nutrient intake, using almost identical methods and nutrient databases in two time periods. METHODS: An extensive dietary intake questionnaire was included in supplements to the 1987 and 1992 National Health Interview Surveys. Dietary data from approximately 11,000 persons in each of those years were analyzed. RESULTS: The total and saturated fat intake and the percentage of energy from fat declined among Whites and Hispanics, but only minimal changes were seen in Black Americans. The changes in fat intake were attributable principally to behavioral changes in frequency and type of fat-containing foods consumed rather than to the increased availability of leaner cuts of meat. Dietary cholesterol showed one of the largest declines of the nutrients examined. Less desirable changes were also seen. Cereal fortification played an important role in the observed changes in several micronutrients. CONCLUSIONS: Educational campaigns on dietary fat and cholesterol have been moderately effective, but not in all racial/ethnic groups. Future campaigns should emphasize maintaining or increasing micronutrient intake.     

A double blind, prospective trial of topical ciprofloxacin versus normal saline solution in the treatment of otorrhoea

CONTEXT: The generalizability of currently available estimates of survival after radical prostatectomy is theoretically limited. OBJECTIVE: To obtain generalizable estimates of survival after radical prostatectomy. DESIGN: A population-based retrospective cohort study. SETTING: Nine regions of the United States. PATIENTS: Patients who were diagnosed with prostate cancer between 1983 and 1987 and underwent radical prostatectomy and lymph node dissection. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Proportional hazards models incorporating geographical region, age, race, pathological stage, lymph node involvement, and tumor grade to identify independent correlates of disease-specific and overall survival and life table analyses to estimate 10-year survival distributions. RESULTS: A total of 3626 patients with a mean age of 65 years were included in the study; 92.6% were white, 54.2% had moderate-grade cancer, 60.4% had no extension beyond the prostate, and 91.2% had no lymph node involvement. Using San Francisco-Oakland, Calif, as a reference region, no other region was significantly associated with a risk of disease-specific or overall mortality. Older age and black race were independently associated with worse overall but not disease-specific survival. Higher grade, extension beyond the prostate, and lymph node involvement were independently associated with worse disease-specific and overall survival. Estimates of 10-year disease-specific survival ranged from 75% to 97% for patients with well-differentiated and moderately differentiated cancers and from 60% to 86% for patients with poorly differentiated cancers. CONCLUSIONS: Neither disease-specific nor overall survival varied by region, suggesting geographically uniform assessments of risk in patient selection for radical prostatectomy. Across regions, overall survival varied by patient and prostate cancer characteristics while disease-specific survival varied substantially by prostate cancer but not patient characteristics. The present analyses provide the most generalizable current estimates of survival after radical prostatectomy.     

Evaluation of a new enzyme immunoassay based on recombinant Rubella virus-like particles for detection of immunoglobulin M antibodies to Rubella virus

A new enzyme immunoassay for the detection of specific antibodies to rubella virus was evaluated at two different sites. This assay, the Roche Cobas Core Rubella IgM EIA recomb, uses a recombinant rubella virus-like particle and is based upon the immunoglobulin M (IgM) capture principle. It was compared to the Abbott IMx Rubella IgM test and to the Sorin ETI-RUBEK-M reverse test. The relative clinical specificities were 99.30% for the Roche test, 98.26% for the Abbott test, and 100% for the Sorin test. The relative clinical sensitivities were 100, 93.87, and 82.65%, respectively. In the case of most primary infections, IgM antibodies could be detected immediately at the onset of the disease and for up to 7 weeks. In the case of vaccinations, they could be detected between 3 and 12 weeks after vaccination.     

The Heat Capacity of 4He Monolayers Adsorbed on Evaporated Gold

The specific heat of ⁴He condensed on an evaporated gold surface has been measured for coverages between 0.007 and 0.096 Å^?2 and temperatures between 0.4 and 3.0 K. There are at least two types of physisorption site on the gold surface with binding energies ?83 ± 7 and ?94 ± 7 K. For coverages below 0.06 Å^?2 (～0.5 monolayers), the ⁴He is a two-dimensional classical gas at sufficiently high temperatures. At lower temperatures and higher coverages, the ⁴He forms condensed phases, including liquids, solids commensurate with the gold lattice, and incommensurate solids. The phase diagram of ⁴He/evaporated gold is similar to that for ⁴He/graphite, but the phase boundaries are shifted and not well defined, nor is the diagram as rich in structure.