c-KIT expression enhances the leukemogenic potential of 32D cells

The growth of human leukemic cells in culture and in vivo is dependent upon the presence of hematopoietic growth factors. Most populations of human leukemic acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) cells express c-Kit on their surface and respond to Kit ligand (KL) in culture. To determine if this interaction was of potential significance in vivo we used a mouse model system. 32D cells, a murine IL-3-dependent myeloid cell line, were rendered KL responsive by transfection of the murine c-Kit. After injection of 32D or 32D-Kit cells into syngeneic hosts, animals bearing 32D-Kit cells, but not 32D cells, became moribund and were killed. These animals had circulating leukemic blast cells, infiltration of bone marrow, spleen, brain, liver, lung, and kidney. Cells recovered from some of the animals continued to be dependent upon IL-3 or KL for growth while in other cases the cells were factor independent. This model illustrates that the constitutive expression of c-Kit enhances the leukemic potential of 32D cells. The model will be useful for studying the progression of leukemia in vivo and testing whether interruption of the interaction of Kit and KL can affect the growth of leukemic cells.     

8-OH-DPAT induces a selective increase in protein intake in ageing overweight animals

We have examined the effects of a 5-HT1A receptor agonist (8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin, 8-OH-DPAT) on food preference in ageing rats that had been given a 'palatable' meal 15 min before administration of the drug. Ageing rats consumed a greater amount of the 'palatable' pre-meal than the young rats. In young rats lipids were the predominant source of calories, but in old animals lipid and protein consumption was similar. Administration of 8-OH-DPAT resulted in an increase in total caloric intake in both groups. Concomitant with this there was a significant increase in protein intake in both groups, which was most important in ageing rats, where proteins became the predominant source of calories.     

Cognitive shifting as a predictor of progress in social understanding in high-functioning adolescents with autism: a prospective study

The pyrolytic behavior of inulin, a (2-->1)-linked fructofuranan, is described. Parallel investigations of the pyrolysis of glucose and of fructose were conducted to supplement the inulin results and to aid comparison with previous results from glucans. Effects of neutral and basic additives are emphasized. As with glucans, the addition of such additives (especially basic) increases the yields of the one-, two-, and three-carbon products (as well as of hexosaccharinolactones), while generally decreasing the yields of anhydro sugar and furan derivatives. The former products include glycolaldehyde, acetol, dihydroxy-acetone, acetic acid, formic acid, and lactic acid. Mechanistic speculations are made regarding the origins of these compounds, as well as of furan derivatives and saccharinic acid lactones. Parallels with alkaline degradation are considered.     

Bacillary angiomatosis and bacillary peliosis in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus: clinical characteristics in a case-control study

Clinical characteristics associated with bacillary angiomatosis and bacillary peliosis (BAP) in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection were evaluated in a case-control study; 42 case-patients and 84 controls were matched by clinical care institution. Case-patients presented with fever (temperature, > 37.8 degrees C; 93%), a median CD4 lymphocyte count of 21/mm3, cutaneous or subcutaneous vascular lesions (55%), lymphadenopathy (21%), and/or abdominal symptoms (24%). Many case-patients experienced long delays between medical evaluation and diagnosis of BAP (median, 4 weeks; range, 1 day to 24 months). Case-patients were more likely than controls to have fever, lymphadenopathy, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, a low CD4 lymphocyte count, anemia, or an elevated serum level of alkaline phosphatase (AP) (P < .001). In multivariate analysis, a CD4 lymphocyte count of < 200/mm3 (matched odds ratio [OR], 9.9; P < .09), anemia reflected by a hematocrit value of < 0.36 (OR, 19.7; P < .04), and an elevated AP level of > or = 2.6 mukat/L (OR, 23.9; P < .05) remained associated with disease after therapy with zidovudine was controlled for. BAP should be considered an AIDS-defining opportunistic infection and should be included in the differential diagnosis for febrile, HIV-infected patients with cutaneous or osteolytic lesions, lymphadenopathy, abdominal symptoms, anemia, or an elevated serum level of AP.     

Multiterminal source encoding with one distortion criterion

The authors unify earlier investigations concerning the encoding of two correlated sources {X_k}, {Y_k } by means of separate encoders. Decoding is done by a single decoder which receives the outputs from both encoders. The reconstruction of {X_k} is required to be perfect in the usual Shannon sense. The authors determine the admissible rate region R (D), where D is the distortion of the reconstruction of {Y_k}. The binary Hamming case is investigated explicitly     

On becoming a supervisee: Preparation for learning in a supervisory relationship.

Proposes a more structured form of presupervisory preparation than generally exists in graduate training programs. Guidelines for incorporating such instruction are provided. Topics for discussion, including salient issues and perspectives in the supervision literature as well as research findings, are outlined. Potential pitfalls and strategies for trainees to deal with dissatisfactions are identified. The suggested curriculum for preparing the supervisee would cover the differences between a didactic and a therapeutic emphasis, stages of development within supervision, interpersonal relationships, and countertransference and parallel process. An overview of supervisory methods, especially with respect to the presentation of case material would also be valuable. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)