Falsifying and withholding: exploring individuals’ contextual privacy-related decision-making

As firms rely increasingly on “big data” to segment and target current and potential customers, the challenge of data falsification—individuals providing incorrect personal data in response to requests—is becoming a significant problem. Based on public opinion surveys, within some demographic groups, over three-quarters of individuals confirm that they have given inaccurate information in response to data requests. Obviously, firms that embrace a covert assumption of honesty in online data disclosures are deluding themselves and are likely falling into the trap of “garbage in, garbage out” in their segmenting and targeting.Despite the frequency and importance of falsification, however, it has received scant attention in the privacy research stream. Most researchers focus on the act of disclosure (and its counter-construct, withholding of data) and overlook that many of the data elements being disclosed may in fact be falsified. To address this weakness in the literature stream, we develop a nomological model that predicts both falsification and withholding behavior, and we test it using a sample collected with the assistance of an online panel provider. We find strong support for the model and show how context could play a significant role in moderating some of the proposed relationships. We then discuss important implications for practice and research.     

Synthesis,Crystallization Studies,and in vitro Characterization of Cinnamic Acid Derivatives as SmHDAC8 Inhibitors for the Treatment of Schistosomiasis

Schistosomiasis is a neglected parasitic disease that affects more than 265 million people worldwide and for which the control strategy relies on mass treatment with only one drug: praziquantel. Based on the 3‐chlorobenzothiophene‐2‐hydroxamic acid J1075 , a series of hydroxamic acids with different scaffolds were prepared as potential inhibitors of Schistosoma mansoni histone deacetylase 8 (SmHDAC8). The crystal structures of SmHDAC8 with four inhibitors provided insight into the binding mode and orientation of molecules in the binding pocket as well as the orientation of its flexible amino acid residues. The compounds were evaluated in screens for inhibitory activity against schistosome and human HDACs. The most promising compounds were further investigated for their activity toward the major human HDAC isotypes. The most potent inhibitors were additionally screened for lethality against the schistosome larval stage using a fluorescence‐based assay. Two of the compounds showed significant, dose‐dependent killing of the schistosome larvae and markedly impaired egg laying of adult worm pairs maintained in culture.     

Instability and Static Liquefaction on Proportional Strain Paths for Sand at Low Stresses

The behavior of Hostun RF sand on proportional strain paths at low confining pressures (20 to 100 kPa) is considered in this paper. In such paths, a constant dilation rate is imposed during shear. The usual features of pore pressure increase (contracting material) or decrease (dilating material) are here observed depending upon whether the imposed dilation rate is respectively greater or smaller than the “natural” dilation rate at failure (as measured in a drained test). Particular attention is given to the static liquefaction phenomenon, which is seen to occur for loose as well as dense sand provided the imposed dilation rate is large enough to lead to a continuous pore pressure increase during shear. Instability tests performed at low confining pressures on proportional strain paths show that the instability line is strain path dependent. It does not coincide with the peak deviator stress line in proportional strain paths tests, in general, but does coincide with the line d2W = 0 (nil second increment of total work).     

Synthesis and pharmacological activities of some 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro[1,5]benzo[f]thiazepines

For the purpose of prophylactic treatment of splenic aneurysms, both examinations and treatments should be minimally invasive. Here, we report a case of a patient who underwent three-dimensional arterial computed tomography (CT) and laparoscope-assisted splenectomy with aneurysm resection as a combination of minimally invasive examination and treatment.     

An optimal adaptive routing algorithm

An adaptive routing algorithm for packet-switched networks is proposed. This algorithm updates both the estimate of external traffic input and the routing assignments at each iteration. The routing assignments determine the proportions of the traffic destined for nodejto be sent from nodeithrough the outgoing links ofi. The algorithm maintains the loop freedom of the routing assignment at each iteration. It also achieves the minimum delay of the network as the limit of its successive updating procedure. The additional features of the algorithm are that it allows at any iteration some routing assignments which theoretically induce infinite delay and that it may utilize variable scaling factors to speed up the convergence.