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31.
Background
The ability to reduce inflammation in overweight and obese individuals may be valuable in preventing the progression to metabolic syndrome with associated risks for heart disease and diabetes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of multiple dosages of a proprietary Mangosteen Juice blend on indicators of inflammation and antioxidant levels in obese patients with elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) levels. 相似文献32.
Kiernan Michaela; Kraemer Helena C.; Winkleby Marilyn A.; King Abby C.; Taylor C. Barr 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2001,6(1):35
Identifying subgroups of high-risk individuals can lead to the development of tailored interventions for those subgroups. This study compared two multivariate statistical methods (logistic regression and signal detection) and evaluated their ability to identify subgroups at risk. The methods identified similar risk predictors and had similar predictive accuracy in exploratory and validation samples. However, the 2 methods did not classify individuals into the same subgroups. Within subgroups, logistic regression identified individuals that were homogeneous in outcome but heterogeneous in risk predictors. In contrast, signal detection identified individuals that were homogeneous in both outcome and risk predictors. Because of the ability to identify homogeneous subgroups, signal detection may be more useful than logistic regression for designing distinct tailored interventions for subgroups of high-risk individuals. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
33.
Ganster Daniel C.; Fox Marilyn L.; Dwyer Deborah J. 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2001,86(5):954
The authors tested the ability of stressful demands and personal control in the workplace to predict employees' subsequent health care costs in a sample of 105 full-time nurses. Both subjective and objective measures of workload demands interacted with personal control perceptions in predicting the cumulative health care costs over the ensuing 5-year period. Tonic elevations in salivary cortisol, moreover, mediated the effects of demands and control on health care costs. Neither the job demands variables nor physiological reactivity measures, however, explained subsequent mental health. The results support findings from the epidemiological literature that demonstrate an important role for employees' control in explaining occupational inequalities in coronary heart disease and mortality. The authors argue that the results also encourage control-enhancing job design interventions by suggesting that their outcomes can benefit both organizations and their members. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
34.
Shanju Zhang Lingbo Zhu Marilyn L. Minus Han Gi Chae Sudhakar Jagannathan Ching-Ping Wong Janusz Kowalik Luke B. Roberson Satish Kumar 《Journal of Materials Science》2008,43(13):4356-4362
We report continuous carbon nanotube (CNT) fibers and yarns dry-drawn directly from water-assisted chemical vapor deposition
(CVD) grown forests with about 1-mm height. As-drawn CNT fibers exist as aerogel and can be transformed into more compact
fibers through twisting or densification with a volatile organic liquid. CNT fibers are characterized by scanning electron
microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Raman microscopy, and wide-angle X-ray diffraction. Mechanical properties and
electrical conductivity of the post-treated CNT fibers are investigated. The resulting fibers show the work of rupture of
30 J/g and DC electrical conductivity of 5.0 × 104 S/m. 相似文献
35.
The predictive relation between neonatal behavior and temperament at 24 months was examined for 67 infants. Behaviors rated by trained examiners at both ages were aggregated into composite scores to provide a more reliable indicator of individual differences than single-item scores. Longitudinal analyses revealed several significant relations between the two ages, most notably that irritable neonates were rated as more upset, less attentive to stimuli, and less responsive to the staff at 24 months. The common variable describing behavior at both ages was related to emotionality. Examination of extreme groups on ratings of emotional tone indicated that the distressed toddler had high irritability ratings as a neonate, but the more pleasant toddler was not different from the average group in neonatal irritability scores. It was concluded that a modest predictive relation between temperament variables was demonstrated from the neonatal period to 24 months. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
36.
Conventional dry‐jet wet fiber spinning techniques were used to fabricate continuous PAN/MWNT composite fibers with up to 20 wt.‐% nanotube loading. PAN at the MWNT interface exhibited lower solubility under thermodynamically favorable conditions than in bulk PAN, indicating good interfacial interaction. Due to the PAN/MWNT interaction at the interface, thermal shrinkage decreases with increasing MWNT loading (5 to 20 wt.‐%). For high MWNT loadings, PAN/MWNT composite fiber at 15 wt.‐% MWNT loading showed an axial electrical conductivity of 1.24 S · m?1. For all loadings, PAN/MWNT composite fibers exhibited higher tensile moduli than theoretically predicted by rule‐of‐mixture calculations, suggesting good reinforcement of the PAN by MWNT.
37.
Scope: Phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) is a constituent of cruciferous vegetables that has demonstrated cancer preventive activity in a number of cancer models including lung, prostate, and breast cancer. Our objective was to examine the effects of the oral administration of PEITC for 7 days on the hepatic expression of genes important in drug metabolism and toxicity in Sprague Dawley rats. The liver is the major site for the metabolism of various xenobiotics and carcinogens, and determining the effects of PEITC on the gene expression of hepatic enzymes may provide insight into mechanisms underlying the cancer preventive activity of PEITC. Methods and results: Using a microarray containing 282 genes, we observed that PEITC significantly up‐regulated UDP‐glucuronosyltransferase UGT1A6 and strongly down‐regulated nicotinamide N‐methyltransferase (NNMT). We also confirmed the down‐regulation of NNMT by real‐time quantitative RT‐PCR. Other genes that were significantly up‐regulated were the drug metabolizing enzyme cyp2b15, the anti‐apoptotic gene bcl2l2, and the stress regulators Gadd45b, Dnajb9, Dnajb5 and Hspb1. Conclusion: Our results indicate new targets that may be important in the mechanisms of the anticancer effects of PEITC. Of particular significance was the down‐regulation of NNMT which may represent a new target for the treatment of a variety of cancers. 相似文献
38.
Lovett Maureen W.; Warren-Chaplin Patricia M.; Ransby Marilyn J.; Borden Susan L. 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1990,82(4):769
54 disabled readers were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 word recognition and spelling training programs or to a problem solving and study skills training program. One word-training program taught orthographically regular words by whole word methods alone; the other trained constituent grapheme–phoneme correspondences. The word-training groups made significant gains in word recognition accuracy and speed and in spelling. Significant transfer was observed on uninstructed spelling content but not on uninstructed reading vocabulary. In general, the word-training programs were equally effective for instructed content, but the whole-word group was superior on some transfer measures at posttest. Although the results demonstrate that dyslexic readers can be instructed successfully, the children did not profit differentially from letter-sound over whole-word training in the present context. We speculate that severely disabled readers may require either a more extended period of letter–sound instruction to reliably adopt an alphabetic decoding strategy or additional specific training in phonological awareness and subsyllabic segmentation. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
39.
It is well known that visual word recognition is influenced by context, word frequency, and stimulus quality. A processing account is outlined in which stimulus quality affects the orthographic input lexicon, whereas context influences both the orthographic input lexicon and the semantic system. Word frequency exerts its primary effects on the pathways that link lexical systems with each other and with the semantic system. Previous findings that are problematic for alternative models along with the results of 2 new experiments are consistent with this account. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
40.