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31.
Recent trends in manufacturing and health care move these two work systems closer together from a system ergonomics point of view. Individual treatment of products, especially patients, by specialists in a distributed environment demand information technology (IT)‐based support suitable for complex systems. IT‐based support of processes in complex systems is difficult due to the lack of standard processes. IT support also means to rethink processes to use efficiency potentials. Close cooperation of users and software developers is needed to increase the ergonomic quality of the system. Therefore, suitable tools are needed: UML is available as the standard industry modeling language, Zope/Plone as the quasi‐standard for content management systems, SimPy as an object‐oriented simulation tool for event‐triggered processes, and ACT‐R as a powerful cognitive architecture for simulation of human information processes. The integration of these tools enables system‐ergonomic support of processes in the complex work system as well as of the development and deployment process. It is the base of an integral system‐ergonomic approach for IT‐based process management. Knowledge gained during process analysis either enters models or leads to the extension and adaptation of the tool chain. The models serve as basis for discussion among system ergonomists, programmers, and specialists from the work system. Further, they are understood by simulation and process support tools. Transcoding efforts between humans with different professional backgrounds and machines are reduced, and the flexibility demanded by complex systems is met. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
32.
Writing with Fluid: Structuring Hydrogels with Micrometer Precision by AFM in Combination with Nanofluidics
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Nicolas Helfricht Andreas Mark Marina Behr Andreas Bernet Hans‐Werner Schmidt Georg Papastavrou 《Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2017,13(31)
Hydrogels have many applications in biomedical surface modification and tissue engineering. However, the structuring of hydrogels after their formation represents still a major challenge, in particular due to their softness. Here, a novel approach is presented that is based on the combination of atomic force microscopy (AFM) and nanofluidics, also referred to as FluidFM technology. Its applicability is demonstrated for supramolecular hydrogel films that are prepared from low‐molecular weight hydrogelators, such as derivates of 1,3,5‐benzene tricarboxamides (BTAs). BTA films can be dissolved selectively by ejecting alkaline solution through the aperture of a hollow AFM‐cantilever connected to a nanofluidic controller. The AFM‐based force control is essential in preventing mechanical destruction of the hydrogels. The resulting “chemical writing” process is studied in detail and the influence of various parameters, such as applied pressure and time, is validated. It is demonstrated that the achievable structuring precision is primarily limited by diffusion and the aperture dimensions. Recently, various additive techniques have been presented to pattern hydrogels. The here‐presented subtractive approach can not only be applied to structure hydrogels from the large class of reversibly formed gels with superior resolution but would also allow for the selective loading of the hydrogels with active substances or nanoparticles. 相似文献
33.
Single‐Molecule Magnets: Giant Hysteresis of Single‐Molecule Magnets Adsorbed on a Nonmagnetic Insulator (Adv. Mater. 26/2016)
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34.
Luca Carlone Miguel Kaouk Ng Jingjing Du Basilio Bona Marina Indri 《Journal of Intelligent and Robotic Systems》2011,63(2):283-307
In this paper we investigate the problem of Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) for a multi robot system. Relaxing some assumptions that characterize related work we propose an application of Rao-Blackwellized Particle Filters (RBPF) for the purpose of cooperatively estimating SLAM posterior. We consider a realistic setup in which the robots start
from unknown initial poses (relative locations are unknown too), and travel in the environment in order to build a shared
representation of the latter. The robots are required to exchange a small amount of information only when a rendezvous event
occurs and to measure relative poses during the meeting. As a consequence the approach also applies when using an unreliable
wireless channel or short range communication technologies (bluetooth, RFId, etc.). Moreover it allows to take into account
the uncertainty in relative pose measurements. The proposed technique, which constitutes a distributed solution to the multi
robot SLAM problem, is further validated through simulations and experimental tests. 相似文献
35.
Marina Theodosiou Author Vitae 《Neurocomputing》2011,74(6):896-905
A hybrid forecasting method is proposed which leverages from statistical and neural network techniques to perform multi-step ahead forecasting. The proposed method is based on the disaggregation of time series components, the prediction of each component individually and the reassembling of the extrapolations to obtain an estimation for the global data. The STL decomposition procedure from the literature [5] is implemented to obtain the seasonal, trend and irregular components of the time series, whilst Generalized Regression Neural Networks (GRNN) [12] are used to perform out-of sample extrapolations of the seasonal and residual components. The univariate Theta model is employed for the estimation of the directional component. The application of the GRNN is based on the dynamic calibration of the training process for each of the seasonal and irregular components individually. The proposed hybrid forecasting method is applied to 60 time series from the NN3 competition and 227 time series from the M1 Competition dataset, to obtain 18 out-of sample predictions. The results from the application demonstrate that the proposed method can outperform standard statistical techniques in the literature. One of the main contributions of the current research lies in the investigation of the strengths and weaknesses of the GRNN in extrapolating structural components of time series. 相似文献
36.
Dipl.-Inf. Marina Berkovich Prof.?Dr. Jan Marco Leimeister Prof.?Dr. Helmut Krcmar 《WIRTSCHAFTSINFORMATIK》2011,53(6):357-370
In recent years, manufacturing companies and service providers have moved towards offering customer-specific problem solutions. These integrated bundles usually consist of hardware, software, and service components and are called product service systems (PSS) or hybrid products. Since the success of the resulting solution depends on the understanding of all requirements, requirements engineering (RE) has become a key factor. The article analyzes the state of the art of RE for PSS based on an extensive literature review in the domains of product-, software-, and service engineering. For this, criteria are derived from the characteristics of PSS and from the task area of RE in the life cycle of PSS. Based on these criteria we analyze the most established RE approaches for their suitability for PSS. An important finding is that integrated/interdisciplinary approaches for RE are missing. Moreover, the maturity of RE approaches in the three domains varies significantly. All analyzed approaches heavily rely on concepts and solution characteristics of their own domain so that a transfer to other domains is hardly possible. This literature review lays the foundation for successful RE for PSS and especially for future research aiming at combining and integrating RE approaches and models of product-, software-, and service engineering. Such requirement models could connect concepts of single domains and enable an integrated and seamless RE for PSS. 相似文献
37.
Marina Z.O. Coluci Neusa M.C. Alexandre John Rosecrance 《International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics》2009,39(6):995-1001
Musculoskeletal disorders are an important cause of work disability and absenteeism. Specific job factors or tasks may increase the likelihood of developing work-related musculoskeletal disorders. The purpose of the present study was to translate and adapt a Job Factors Questionnaire for the Brazilian–Portuguese language and evaluate its psychometric properties. A cross-cultural adaptation was performed according to an internationally recommended methodology involving translation, synthesis, back-translation, revision by an expert committee, and pre-testing. The psychometric properties were evaluated by administering the questionnaire to 148 employees at two companies involved in the assembly and fabrication of metal products. The reliability of the questionnaire was assessed by measuring the temporal stability through a test–retest design. Construct validity was assessed using the known-groups technique and by comparing workers responses with findings from the Nordic Questionnaire. Reliability was determined to be satisfactory based on Intraclass Correlation Coefficients ranging from 0.54 to 0.73. Construct validity analysis demonstrated a significant difference (p ≤ 0.02) between production and office workers on answers to 10 questionnaire items, and a significant difference (p ≤ 0.01) on the scores of the adapted questionnaire between subjects that indicated presence or absence of musculoskeletal symptoms. The results indicated that the adapted version of the questionnaire had psychometric properties that were acceptable for use in occupational studies involving workers that speak Brazilian–Portuguese.
Relevance to industry
The present study provides results of a cross-cultural adaptation process and a psychometric properties analysis of an instrument that verifies workers' perception of job factors that may lead to work-related pain and discomfort. 相似文献38.
The aim of this study was to assess the learning effectiveness and motivational appeal of a computer game for learning computer memory concepts, which was designed according to the curricular objectives and the subject matter of the Greek high school Computer Science (CS) curriculum, as compared to a similar application, encompassing identical learning objectives and content but lacking the gaming aspect. The study also investigated potential gender differences in the game’s learning effectiveness and motivational appeal. The sample was 88 students, who were randomly assigned to two groups, one of which used the gaming application (Group A, N = 47) and the other one the non-gaming one (Group B, N = 41). A Computer Memory Knowledge Test (CMKT) was used as the pretest and posttest. Students were also observed during the interventions. Furthermore, after the interventions, students’ views on the application they had used were elicited through a feedback questionnaire. Data analyses showed that the gaming approach was both more effective in promoting students’ knowledge of computer memory concepts and more motivational than the non-gaming approach. Despite boys’ greater involvement with, liking of and experience in computer gaming, and their greater initial computer memory knowledge, the learning gains that boys and girls achieved through the use of the game did not differ significantly, and the game was found to be equally motivational for boys and girls. The results suggest that within high school CS, educational computer games can be exploited as effective and motivational learning environments, regardless of students’ gender. 相似文献
39.
Recently the action systems formalism for parallel and distributed systems has been extended with the procedure mechanism.
This gives us a very general framework for describing different communication paradigms for action systems, e.g. remote procedure
calls. Action systems come with a design methodology based on the refinement calculus. Data refinement is a powerful technique
for refining action systems. In this paper we will develop a theory and proof rules for the refinement of action systems that
communicate via remote procedures based on the data refinement approach. The proof rules we develop are compositional so that
modular refinement of action systems is supported. As an example we will especially study the atomicity refinement of actions.
This is an important refinement strategy, as it potentially increases the degree of parallelism in an action system.
Received February 1999 / Accepted in revised form July 2000 相似文献
40.
Boulahya K Ruiz-González L Parras M González-Calbet JM Nickolsky MS Nicolopoulos S 《Ultramicroscopy》2007,107(6-7):445-452
Two complex perovskite-related structures were solved by ab initio from precession electron diffraction intensities. Structure models were firstly derived from HREM images and than have been confirmed independently using two and three-dimensional sets of precession intensities. Patterson techniques prove to be effective for ab initio structure resolution, specially in case of projections with no overlapping atoms. Quality of precession intensity data may be suitable enough to resolve unknown heavy oxide structures. 相似文献