Dairy nutrients and their effect on inflammatory profile in molecular studies

Dairy products contain milk fat, proteins, minerals, vitamin D, and other bioactive nutrients that have the potential to contribute to the association observed between increased dairy intake and a decreased risk of inflammation. The objective of this paper is to review the role of dairy bioactive molecules including dairy fat, proteins, micronutrients, and vitamins on inflammation markers in adipose, macrophage, and vascular tissues, which play a key role in the regulation of inflammation. A review was conducted to identify current scientific literature on dairy nutrients and inflammation in cell studies published until November 2014. The majority of saturated fatty acids (FAs) activate proinflammatory markers. Therefore, other dairy FAs or components may offset these harmful effects. Protein and amino acid composition of dairy products may have anti‐inflammatory action. Magnesium may have beneficial effects on inflammatory profile; on the contrary, studies on vitamin D demonstrate conflicting results. In conclusion, numerous studies assessed the effects of individual or mixtures of FAs on inflammatory markers; yet, there is far less research on the effects of other dairy bioactive nutrients. The exact bioactive molecule or combination of these molecules in dairy products, which underlies the inverse association between dairy intake and inflammation remains to be elucidated.     

北海盆地大油气田形成条件及分布特征

北海盆地为典型的中生代裂谷盆地,其油气的形成与分布具有较明显的特征,了解它们的形成与分布可以指导其他裂谷型盆地的勘探。根据IHS及C&C提供的相关数据,结合生油层、储层、盖层及圈闭特征方面的研究,对北海盆地及邻区已发现的57个大油气田进行分析,得出南北海盆地气源岩为上石炭统威斯特伐利亚阶煤系地层,北北海盆地主要油源岩为上侏罗统到下白垩统沉积的KimmeridgeClay组(英国)、Mandal组、Draupne组(挪威)和Farsund组(丹麦)泥页岩;主力储层分别为南北海盆地的赤底统砂岩,北北海盆地维京地堑内中侏罗统Brent群砂岩及中央地堑内的上白垩统白垩;南部区域盖层为上二叠统盐岩,北部区域盖层以泥灰岩为主。北海大油气田形成与分布的主要受控因素为:有效烃源岩分布及其成熟度;优质储集体的发育及其分布;盐运动及同裂谷期断裂作用产生的相关盐构造和断块背斜、掀斜断块圈闭的发育;区域性盐岩及泥灰岩盖层的有效封盖。这些有利条件共同作用下,北海大油气田在整个区域上具南部产气、北部以油为主的特点;局部上,受有利储层Brent群分布位置和中央地堑区域盐构造运动影响,大油田集中富集于维京地堑西北部与中央地堑中部挪威区域。     

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE TAIWAN WARM CURRENT AND TSUSHIMA WARM CURRENT

The Taiwan Warm Current (TWC) and the Tsushima Warm Current (TSWC) flow northward over the shelf in the East China Sea (ECS), which some previous studies regard as a Taiwan-Tsushima Warm Current (TTWC) System. But the roles of the TWC and TSWC in the formation of the TTWC system have not been clarified. This article will show that the TSWC is more important in the TTWC system. Using a three-dimensional baroclinic model, we conducted several numerical experiments to reveal the dynamic relationship between the TWC and TSWC. The results show that the TWC has little effect on the TSWC, while the TSWC has a significant effect on the TWC. A source-sink driven mechanism along isobaths may be used to explain this phenomenon. The perennial northward flow through the Tsushima Strait pumps the response over the northern shelf in the ECS that gives rise to the TWC. Although the TSWC is located at the "downstream" region, it could induce about 0.5 Sv to TWC in annual mean values.     

Detecting small pulmonary nodules with spiral ultrashort echo time sequences in 1.5 T MRI

Magnetic Resonance Materials in Physics, Biology and Medicine - This study investigated ultrashort echo time (UTE) sequences in 1.5 T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for small lung nodule...     

济阳拗陷桩海地区下古生界深埋藏溶蚀特征及储集意义

 通过桩海地区下古生界的岩心描述和镜下观察，探讨了埋藏溶蚀作用的特征，建立了埋藏溶蚀作用的识别标志。碳酸盐岩溶洞中有机和无机气液两相包体共生普遍，并与全烃包体伴生，发黄绿色荧光。包裹体均一温度主要为90℃～150℃，具有“双峰”分布特征。δ13C值为-2.2～-3.5； δ18O值为-17.4～-13.2，与加里东期裂缝和印支期裂缝充填物的同位素值相比，埋藏期溶洞充填物碳同位素值具有明显向高值迁移、氧同位素具有向低值迁移的特征。包裹体均一温度和稳定同位素数据支持埋藏溶蚀作用的存在。文中还对研究区桩古10井下古生界储集空间发育特征进行了分析，认为桩古10井残留的马家沟组灰岩受后期埋藏溶蚀作用显著，各种次生的溶蚀洞、扩容缝和溶孔为主要储集空间，储集空间类型为复合型。复合型孔隙的形成主要是孤北洼陷巨厚的第三系沉积物压释水沿边界断层向高部位的桩西潜山运移，作用于桩古10井区的下古生界，在埋藏条件下产生溶蚀而形成。     

2-ORDER TURBULENCE CLOSURE PLANKTON ECOSYSTEM DYNAMICS MODEL AND ITS APPLICATION

1 .　ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＯｎｃｅ ｐｅｏｐｌｅｂｒｏｋｅｔｈｒｏｕｇｈｔｈｅｌｉｍｉｔａｔｉｏｎｏｆｔｒａｄｉｔｉｏｎａｌｅｃｏｌｏｇｙｔｏｓｔｕｄｙｏｎｔｈｅｓｔａｔｉｃｒｅｌａｔｉｏｎｓｈｉｐｂｅｔｗｅｅｎｂｉｏｌｏｇｙａｎｄｉｔｓｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｎｄｃａｍｅａｂｏｕｔｔｏｓｔｕｄｙｔｈｅｍｅｃｈａｎｉｓｍｏｆｔｈｅｉｒｉｎｔｅｒａｃｔｉｏｎｉｎｖｉｅｗｏｆｂｉｏｃｈｅｍｉｓｔｒｙａｎｄｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔｄｙｎａｍｉｃｓ,ｅｃｏｓｙｓ ｔｅｍｄｙｎａｍｉｃｓｇａｉｎｅｄｗｉｄｅ…     

REEXAMINATION OF THE ROLE OF VERTICAL CIRCULATION IN SEDIMENTATION IN THE YELLOW AND EAST CHINA SEAS

1 .　ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＴｈｅｒｅａｒｅｔｈｒｅｅｂｉｇｒｉｖｅｒｓｔｈｅＹｅｌｌｏｗ ,ＹａｎｇｔｚｅａｎｄＰｅａｒｌｒｕｎｎｉｎｇｆｒｏｍｔｈｅｃｏｎｔｉｎｅｎｔｏｆＣｈｉｎａｔｏＣｈｉｎａＳｅａｓ.ＴｈｅＹｅｌｌｏｗＲｉｖｅｒｅｍｐｔｉｅｓｓｅｄｉｍｅｎｔｔｏｔｈｅＢｏｈａｉＳｅａｗｉｔｈａｎａｍｏｕｎｔｏｆ 0 .7× 1 0 9ｔｏｎｓｐｅｒｙｅａｒ (Ｈｕｅｔａｌ.1 998ａｎｄＰａｎｇｅｔａｌ.1 999)ｗｉｔｈａｈｉｓｔｏｒｉｃａｎｎｕａｌｍｅａｎｏｆ 1× 1 0 9ｔｏｎｓ (Ｘｉｅｅｔａｌ.1 980 ;Ｍｉｌ…     

NON-ZONAL BAROCLINIC INSTABILITY IN THE NORTH PACIFIC SUBTROPICAL COUNTERCURRENT

1 .　INTRODUCTIONSincethe 196 0sthesubtropicalcountercurrent(STCC)overthePacifichasbeenfoundtobeaneastwardcurrentexistingintheregion (14 0°E 170°W ,19°N 2 8°N) ,whichcontradictswiththeSver druptransporttheory (YoshidaandKidokoro196 7) ,ithasbecomeanimportanttopicinthephysicaloceanography (Cushman Roison 1984 ;Kubokawa 1997) .AokiandImawaki (1996 )andQiu (1999)foundthatintheSTCCregion ,theed dykineticenergyishigheroverthewesternsidethanovertheeasternside .Qiu (1999)discussedthe…     

LATITUDINAL VARIATION OF DEEP SCATTERING LAYER IN THE WESTERN PACIFIC

The acoustic Echo Intensity (EI) was recorded with 38k shipborne Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) in the Western Pacific in four cruises between Sept. 2001 and Oct. 2002. The main Deep Scattering Layer (DSL) was observed at 400m-600 m depth in the four cruises. The latitudinal variation of the main DSL, which has high level of backscatter strength (BS) at high latitude, is prominent during both nighttime and daytime. The influences of environmental conditions on the DSL are discussed. Since high-oxygen water in the north is a friendly environment of marine animals which form the main DSL, more animals are expected to aggregate in the 400dbars-600dbars layer in the north. Dissolved Oxygen (DO) is the principal factor that causes the main DSL to vary with latitude, and its spatial distributions result from formation and transport of North Pacific Intermediate Water (NPIW).     

About the Aerothermoelastic Stability of Panels in Supersonic Flows

This article provides new insights into the aerothermoelastic stability of thin plates. Particularly, the issue of loss of stability of an isotropic plate-strip of constant thickness immersed in a supersonic flow field and subjected to a variable temperature field through the thickness is examined. Using the basic principles of the theory of aerothermoelasticity of isotropic bodies, the theories of flexible panels, and the linear law of temperature field through the thickness of the panel, the stability equations and associated boundary conditions are obtained. As expected, the coefficients of the aerothermoelastic governing equations depend on the thermal load, and consequently the panel-flutter critical speed depends on temperature. The model takes into account quadratic and cubic aerodynamic non-linearities as well as cubic geometric non-linearities. Due to the inhomogeneity of the temperature field distribution across the thickness plate buckling instability occurs. This instability accounts for the deformed shape of the plate and the stability boundary depends on the variables characterizing the flow speed, the temperature of the middle plane and the temperature gradient in the direction normal to the plane. It is shown that the combined effect of the temperature field and free-stream regulates the process of stability and the temperature field can significantly change the flutter critical speed and flutter behavior. The problem of stability is also considered in the non-linear framework. The existence and behavior of flutter-type vibrations is investigated at pre- and post-critical speeds. The influence of the temperature field on the dependency of the limit cycle amplitude as a function of speed is studied. Results and discussions are presented along with pertinent concluding remarks.