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41.
利用电化学阻抗谱(EIS)研究X100管线钢在水饱和酸性土壤中短期的电化学腐蚀行为。结果表明,X100管线钢在鹰潭水饱和土壤中浸泡104 h后已产生点蚀。腐蚀过程的EIS谱具有两个时间常数特征,高频区为代表反应的容抗弧,低频区为代表吸附或点蚀形核期产生的感抗弧。腐蚀初期(1 h~33 h),由于水饱和土壤介质电导率较低,电极反应过程受扩散控制;腐蚀产物在电极表面积累对反应离子扩散有阻碍作用,使阻抗增大;腐蚀产物膜疏松多孔,形成局部活化区域,使阻抗减小;Cl~-对腐蚀产物膜有破坏作用且在膜内局部地区浓缩,诱发点蚀,使阻抗减小,出现感抗特征。  相似文献   
42.
采用等离子喷涂工艺在高锰铝青铜基体上制备了 Al2O3-13%TiO2和Cr2O3·5SiO2·3TiO2两种耐冲蚀复合涂层,利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、激光扫描显微镜(LSM)等手段观察分析了两种涂层的组织形貌,测试了两种涂层的显微硬度和结合强度,用电化学测量和失重测量分别研究了两种涂层在3.5%NaCl溶液中的电...  相似文献   
43.
在发电厂和变电所内,直流系统接地故障的检测,过去一直采用手动方式来完成。这样,既费事又危险。我们研制的直流系统接地自动检测装置不需停电,可自动检测直流系统接地故障。本文介绍了该装置的原理、组成和主要电路。  相似文献   
44.
硫酸盐还原菌对铜镍合金腐蚀的影响   总被引:7,自引:1,他引:7  
利用电化学测试技术,在实验室条件下研究了硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)对铜镍合金腐蚀行为的影响。实验结果表明,SRB的存在使电极开路电位明显负移,极化电阻在细菌生长后期迅速降低。在含SRB的溶液中,铜镍合金表面会形成由腐蚀产物和SRB等组成的混合膜,腐蚀速度受到Cu通过混合膜向电极表面扩散速度的控制。  相似文献   
45.
A series of selective extraction experiments were conducted on marine hydrogenic ferromanganese crusts from the seamount near the Line Island to investigate the distribution of rare earth elements(REEs) and the mechanisms of combination between REEs and the hydrogenic ferromanganese crusts.The enrichment of REEs in hydrogenic ferromanganese crusts is attributed mainly to the mineral or oxide/hydroxide of the crust rather than the growth environment.The REEs are present mainly in amorphous ferric oxide/hydro...  相似文献   
46.
Over the past two decades, scientific drilling into sediments and rocks in the ocean and the continent has revealed the presence of physiologically and phylogenetically complex microbial life in the deep subsurface. Microorganisms, most of which have no cultured or known relatives in the surface biosphere, have been discovered in sediments and rock at depth as deep as 1 km below the seafloor and more than 3 km deep in the continent. The deep biosphere probably represents the most voluminous part of the glob...  相似文献   
47.
In the presence of catalytic amounts of Sc(OSO3C12H25)3 and a chiral bipyridine ligand, asymmetric ring‐opening of meso‐epoxides with aromatic N‐heterocycles, an alcohol and thiols proceeded smoothly to afford the corresponding products in moderate to good yields (34–85 %) with high to excellent enantioselectivities (74–96 % ee). Water was used as the sole and essential solvent in these important enantioselective transformations.  相似文献   
48.
A particle breakage has a significant impact on the mechanical behavior of granular materials. In this paper, we present an elasto-plastic model with two yield surfaces to which the influence of particle breakage has been introduced. The main feature of this model is to incorporate the change in the critical state line (CSL) consequent to the grain breakage induced by isotropic and deviatoric stresses during loading. For this purpose we propose a breakage function which connects the evolution of the CSL to ...  相似文献   
49.
50.
The objective of this experimental study is to identify the differentiation made by pedestrians, in their crossing decision, between various urban environments, notably in terms of perception of walking pleasantness and safety. This experiment further aims to identify the environmental features that pedestrians take into account and the inferences they develop and use to explain their road crossing decision. Sets of photographs presenting five different environments (city center, inner suburbs, public housing in the outskirts, commercial zone in the outskirts and countryside) were presented to 77 participants divided up into three age groups (pre-adolescents, young and middle adults). Their decision to cross or not, their perception of pleasantness and safety, and the elements they take into account to make a decision were collected for each environment presented. The quantitative results show the pedestrians’ perceptions of the pleasantness and safety of public spaces, in terms of walking, largely vary with urban environments. Moreover, the crossing decision significantly varies according to the environment. Pedestrians were significantly more inclined to take the decision to cross in city center than in the other sites presented. The qualitative analysis of the interviews shows that the presence and function of the buildings, the quality of the sidewalks and the marked parking spaces are key factors to explain their crossing decision, by enabling them to infer the density of pedestrians and traffic and the vehicle speed.  相似文献   
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