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61.
62.
Chiara Modanese Marisa Di Sabatino Anne‐Karin Siland Kristian Peter Lars Arnberg 《Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications》2011,19(1):45-53
In this work, the effect of the concurrent presence of B and P on bulk and solar cell properties of directionally solidified multicrystalline ingots from commercially compensated solar grade silicon (SoG‐Si) feedstock produced by Elkem Solar was investigated. The initial B and P content prior to the directional solidification experiment was 1260 and 762 ppba, respectively. Two reference ingots have been solidified in a silica crucible from 100% electronic grade silicon (EG‐Si) feedstock, with 332 ppba of boron added. All ingots have been cast under similar process parameters. The resistivity measurements by Four Point Probe (FPP) are in good agreement with the net dopant content, i.e., NA − ND for p‐type material, measured by Glow Discharge Mass Spectrometer (GDMS). Bulk lifetime measurements show a decrease in the values compared to the EG reference. Lifetime distributions show the highest values of 13 and 19 µs at approximately half ingot height, compared to 30 and 44 µs in the reference ingots. This decrease can be due to the concurrent effect of compensation and of other impurities present in the ingot. However, the content of several transition metals measured by GDMS at half ingot height was not significantly higher than that of the reference ingots. Oxygen content as measured by Fourier Transform Infra‐Red (FTIR) spectroscopy shows no significant difference compared to the references. Solar cells made from the compensated ingots and processed under standard process conditions show efficiency values up to 15.5% and fill factor values up to 78%, comparable to conventional multicrystalline silicon cells. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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64.
Miguel Saiz Marisa A. Lostumbo Angel A. Juan David Lopez-Lopez 《International Transactions in Operational Research》2022,29(1):172-199
Project portfolio management and optimization constitutes a critical activity for organizations in different industrial sectors and business. The scientific literature in this subject is extremely vast, which makes it difficult to understand the connections among the existing approaches and perspectives. This paper provides a clustering map of the existing work on the subject, thus identifying the main trends and approaches from different scientific communities. After analyzing each of the identified clusters, the paper provides insights and emerging trends that can be useful both for researchers and practitioners in the area. 相似文献
65.
Marisa De Sousa Duarte Matthieu Rolland Corinne Sagnard Didier Suire Frederic Flacher Olivier Delpoux Charles P. Lienemann 《化学工程与技术》2019,42(3):655-660
A 3‐MPa, 350 °C fixed‐bed reactor was designed to follow‐up gas‐liquid‐solid reactions on a millimetric size heterogeneous catalyst with Raman spectroscopy. The transparent reactor is a quartz cylinder enclosed in a Joule effect heated stainless‐steel tube. A methodology to determine how to focus the microscope for liquid and solid phase characterization is presented. The setup was validated by performing diesel hydrodesulfurization on a CoMo/alumina extrudate catalyst with a conversion very close to expected values along with the acquisition of Raman spectra of the solid catalyst showing an evolution of the catalyst phase during sulfidation. 相似文献
66.
Brito Claúdia Esteves Marisa Peixoto Hugo Abelha António Machado José 《Wireless Networks》2022,28(3):1269-1277
Wireless Networks - Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) is a treatment used by patients in the end-stage of chronic kidney diseases. Those patients need to be monitored using blood... 相似文献
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68.
Baroni P Vieira RS Meneghetti E da Silva MG Beppu MM 《Journal of hazardous materials》2008,152(3):1155-1163
Removal of chromium ions from aqueous solutions by using natural and crosslinked chitosan membranes was achieved using batch adsorption experiments. The effect of pH (6.0 and 2.0), concentration of chromium ions and crosslinking agents (glutaraldehyde: GLA and epichlorohydrin: ECH) on the adsorption properties of chitosan membranes was analyzed. The experimental equilibrium data was fitted to Langmuir and Freundlich models. Through the model curves, it was possible to observe that the amount of chromium ions adsorbed was significantly higher for crosslinked membranes compared to non-crosslinked chitosan. The maximum adsorbed amount was about 1400 mg g(-1) for ECH-crosslinked chitosan at pH 6.0. The adsorption rates for crosslinked chitosan membranes with glutaraldehyde and epichlorohydrin were similar for natural chitosan. Desorption study using NaCl (1 mol L(-1)) solution was performed on chitosan membranes, in order to recover chromium ions and to determine the suitable number of cycles for repeated use of these membranes without considerable decrease in their adsorption capacity. The desorption results showed that chromium ions could be more effectively removed at pH 2.0 than pH 6.0, mainly for ECH-crosslinked chitosan. 相似文献
69.
A ruthenium oxide hexacyanoferrate (RuOHCF) modified electrode was developed. Hydrodynamic voltammetry was employed to demonstrate the remarkable electrocatalytic activity toward the oxidation of 2'-deoxyguanosine. The RuOHCF modified electrode was used as amperometric detector for 2'-deoxyguanosine determination in a FIA apparatus. The influence of various experimental conditions was explored for optimum analytical performance, and at these experimental conditions, the method exhibited a linear response range to 2'-deoxyguanosine extending from 3.8 to 252 micromol L(-1) with detection limit of 94 nmol L(-1). Applications in DNA samples were examined, and the results for determination of 2'-deoxyguanosine were in good agreement with those obtained by HPLC analysis. Studies on the kinetics of the in vitro consumption of 2'-deoxyguanosine by acetaldehyde were also performed. 相似文献
70.
Cideciyan AV Swider M Aleman TS Roman MI Sumaroka A Schwartz SB Stone EM Jacobson SG 《Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics, image science, and vision》2007,24(5):1457-1467
The health of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) can be estimated with autofluorescence (AF) imaging of lipofuscin, which accumulates as a byproduct of retinal exposure to light. Lipofuscin may be toxic to the RPE, and its toxicity may be enhanced by short-wavelength (SW) illumination. The high-intensity and SW excitation light used in conventional AF imaging could, at least in principle, increase the rate of lipofuscin accumulation and/or increase its toxicity. We considered two reduced-illuminance AF imaging (RAFI) methods as alternatives to conventional AF imaging. RAFI methods use either near-infrared (NIR) light or reduced-radiance SW illumination for excitation of fluorophores. We quantified the distribution of RAFI signals in relation to retinal structure and function in patients with the prototypical lipofuscin accumulation disease caused by mutations in ABCA4. There was evidence for two subclinical stages of macular ABCA4 disease involving hyperautofluorescence of both SW- and NIR-RAFI with and without associated loss of visual function. Use of RAFI methods and microperimetry in future clinical trials involving lipofuscinopathies should allow quantification of subclinical disease expression and progression without subjecting the diseased retina/RPE to undue light exposure. 相似文献