Solid Solutions in the System LaMgAl11O19- LaMgGa11O19-LaMgFe11O19

Solid Solutions with the magnetoplumbite structure in the System LaMgAl₁₁O₁₉-LaMgGa₁₁O₁₉-LaMgFe₁₁O₁₉ were studied by X-ray diffractometry of sintered samples. Complete miscibility exists in the subsystem LaMgAl₁₁O₁₉-LaMgGa₁₁O₁₉ and in a narrow adjacent ternary area with low iron content. In the other subsystems and in the major part of the ternary field, a magnetoplumbite phase occurs together with other compounds.     

Cover Picture: Toward Large‐Scale Alignment of Electrohydrodynamic Patterning of Thin Polymer Films (Adv. Funct. Mater. 15/2006)

By integrating lithography and self‐assembly via electrohydrodynamic instabilities, Russel and co‐workers are able to guide initially flat polymer films to evolve into periodic arrays of pillars over regions much greater in extent than their natural domain sizes, as detailed on p. 1992. Novel structures that involve a combination of linear ridges and pillars are also produced, mainly as as result of the dynamic merging among preformed pillars. To pattern thin polymer films via electrohydrodynamic instabilities, we design and utilize two different kinds of mask patterns to guide pillars into alignment over regions much greater in extent than their natural domain sizes. First, narrow protruding ridges that intersect to form regular patterns on the mask trigger the growth of pillars beneath. Later, square and triangular packings of pillars develop in the regions enclosed by those ridges, preserving the registry from one domain to the next over a much larger area than within individual domains in unpatterned portions of the mask. Second, small square protrusions that are prealigned into a large regular array on the mask guide the formation of square packings of pillars in domains that conform to the mask, forming a large array of pillars. Novel structures involving a combination of linear ridges and pillars are also produced mainly due to the dynamic merging among preformed pillars. Finally, we find vertex symmetry of the mask pattern is necessary for generating and preserving ordered patterns on the polymer film.     

Bridging the generation gap between text planning and linguistic realization

Text planning is traditionally done as a separate process, independent of linguistic realization. However, I show in this paper that it is essential for a text planner to know the linguistic consequences of its actions. The choice of how to realize an element affects how much information is conveyed (e.g., “Floyd arrived safely in Boston” vs. “Floyd landed safely at Logan”) and what other information can be added (e.g., “Peter was deciding for an hour” vs. *“Peter made a decision for an hour”). The choice of realization also affects how the relative salience of the elements being expressed will be perceived (e.g., “The green car is in the garage” vs. “The car in the garage is green”). I have defined an intermediate level of representation for text planning, called the Text Structure. It is an abstract linguistic level that reflects germane linguistic constraints while abstracting away from syntactic detail. This representation allows the text planner to have greater control over the decisions, so that it can take advantage of the expressiveness of language to convey subtleties of meaning. More importantly, the Text Structure allows the generation process overall to be incremental, since it ensures that the text plan being composed will always be expressible in the language. La planification de textes est habituellement réalisée séparément, sans tenir compte de la réalisation linguistique. Cependant, ľauteur demontre dans cet article qu'il est essentiel à un planificateur de textes de connai̊tre les conséquences linguistiques de ses actions. Le choix de la méhode de réalisation ?un élément influe sur la quantité?informations qui est transmise (par ex.: 〈〈 Floyd est arrivé sain et sauf à Boston 〉〉 et 〈〈 Floyd a atterri sain et sauf àľaéroport Logan 〉〉) et sur quelle autre information peut ětre ajoutée. Le choix de la méthode de réalisation influe également sur la façon dont les caractères saillants des ééments qui sont exprimés seront perçus (par ex.: 〈〈 la voiture verte est dans le garage 〉〉 et 〈〈 la voiture dans le garage est verte 〉〉). L'auteur a défini un niveau intérmediaire de représentation pour la planification de textes qu'il a appelé structure de texte. Il; s'agit ?'un niveau linguistique abstrait qui refléte les contraintes linguistiques appropriées tout en s'éloignant du détail syntaxique. Cette représentation permet au planificateur de textes ?avoir un meilleur contrǒle des décisions, et done de tirer profit de la force ?expression du langage afin de tenir compte des subtiliés de sens. Plus important encore, la structure de texte permet au processus de génération ?ětre incrémentiel, car elle s'assure que le plan de texte en voie de composition soit toujours exprimable dans le langage.     

Religiosity and emotional disturbance: A test of Ellis's thesis in his own counseling center.

Assessed the validity of A. Ellis's (1971, 1973, 1981) contention that being religious was negatively correlated with mental health. 28 very religious, 34 atheist, and 33 religiously-neutral individuals seeking consultation were compared on the frequency and number of 8 reported problems. Contrary to Ellis's prediction, there were no significant differences among the groups. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

New field measurement system for single-mode fibre dispersion utilising wavelength division multiplexing technique

A new system designed to measure the chromatic dispersion of installed single-mode fibres is presented. This system utilises the modulation phase technique but eliminates the reference laser and fibre. A large dynamic range was demonstrated by the measurement of an 81.1 km length of fibre.     

Formation of droplets on Si surfaces bombarded by In from a capillary type liquid metal ion source

Droplet formation on Si surfaces bombarded by 10 keV beams from a liquid metal indium ion source has been observed. It has been verified that excess indium is transported in the ion beam, probably in the form of charged droplets. SIMS, SEM and RBS techniques have been used to study the distribution of droplets at the surface. At the specified ion source operating conditions, equilibrium droplet coverage is of the order of 25%. Individual droplets have an average diameter of 0.35 ωm and an average height of 2.2 nm. At a bombardment current density of 0.1 mA cm^?2, equilibrium coverage is reached in about 1 s.     

Integration of Tresca and Mohr–Coulomb constitutive relations in plane strain elastoplasticity

This paper considers the problem of integrating the constitutive relations for Tresca and Mohr–Coulomb materials under conditions of plane strain. In the case of a Tresca material, we show that the constitutive law may be integrated exactly by assuming the strain rates d?/dλ to be constant. We also derive a semi-analytic method for integrating both types of constitutive law which assumes that the quantities d?/dλ are constant. This approach is motivated by the fact that the exact variation of the strains during a time interval is unknown and leads to a single non-linear equation in λ which can be solved efficiently to yield the unknown stresses. Finally, we compare the results from the analytic and semi-analytic methods with those from a variety of numerical integration schemes.     

Flame temperature, fuel structure, and fuel concentration effects on soot formation in inverse diffusion flames

Insights into soot formation processes are gained from chemical sampling and thermocouple probing of co-flowing inverse diffusion flames (IDFs), with the oxidizer in the center. The transition from near-to slightly sooting flames and the effects of flame temperature, fuel concentration, and fuel structure (using methane, ethene, propene and 1-butene) are investigated. The aromatic content of IDFS scales with the fuel's sooting tendency, and suggests that the formation of the aromatic ring is a controlling step in soot formation. In addition to the relatively well-established reactions involving C4 and C2 species, benzene may form directly from two C3 species for fuels that readily produce C3 species during pyrolysis and/or oxidative pyrolysis. The total concentration of growth species increases almost linearly with fuel concentration, but depends more weakly on flame temperature than would be expected if pure pyrolysis governed the intermediate hydrocarbon behavior.     

Superplastic deformation of Ti-6Al-4V extruded tube

Superplastic forming using conventional alloys and product forms may be a cost effective route for component manufacture. In this paper superplastic deformation of Ti-3Al-4V extruded tube is examined in terms of the strain anisotropy, microstructural changes, the texture and the post-formed tensile properties. Superplastic deformation with low flow stresses over a wide range of strain rates was observed. Strain anisotropy and surface roughening occurred during deformation and was associated with the two-phase, aligned and banded microstructure. A small reduction in the tensile properties was found and changes in the texture were noted after superplastic deformation.