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21.
David J. Lawrence Brianna L. Smith Cameron D. Collard Keyton A. Elliott Kyle L. Fakhoury Jeffery D. Mangold Anna N. Soyka 《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2021,46(2):1642-1655
Monolithically-integrated tandem photoanodes were fabricated on substrates consisting of epitaxial n-GaAs1-xPx (x ? 0.32) grown on n+-GaAs wafers. A p+-n junction photovoltaic (PV) cell was first formed by zinc diffusion into the n-GaAs0.68P0.32 from a deposited ZnO coating. After diffusion the ZnO serves as a transparent electrical contact to the resulting p+-GaAs0.68P0.32 surface layer. Transparent, conducting SnO2:F provides chemical and mechanical protection for the ZnO and the underlying PV cell, and it electrically connects this cell to a top BiVO4 photocatalyst layer. In some photoanodes, a WO3 thin film was interposed between the SnO2:F and BiVO4. All oxide coatings were produced by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis except WO3, which was spin coated. Unassisted (unbiased) solar water splitting was achieved, with a solar-to-hydrogen efficiency approaching 2%, without addition of any co-catalyst to the BiVO4 surface. This work can provide insights to other researchers regarding scalable, low cost approaches for the planar monolithic integration of oxide photoanode materials with PV cells to create new tandem devices. 相似文献
22.
Kinetic,thermodynamic parameters and in vitro digestion of tannase from Aspergillus tamarii URM 7115
Amanda Reges de Sena Tonny Cley Campos Leite Talita Camila Evaristo da Silva Nascimento Anna Carolina da Silva Catiane S. Souza Antônio Fernando de Mello Vaz 《Chemical Engineering Communications》2018,205(10):1415-1431
Tannase is an enzyme used in various industries and produced by a large number of microorganisms. The aim of this study was to evaluate tannase production to determine the biochemical, kinetic, and thermodynamic properties and to simulate tannase in vitro digestion. The tannase-producing fungal strain was isolated from “jamun” leaves and identified as Aspergillus tamarii. Temperature at 26°C for 67?h was the best combination for maximum tannase activity (6.35-fold; initial activity in Plackett–Burman design—15.53?U/mL and average final activity in Doehlert design—98.68?U/mL). The crude extract of tannase was optimally active at 40°C, pH 5.5 and 6.5. Moreover, tannase was stimulated by Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, and Mn2+. The half-life at 40°C lasted 247.55?min. The free energy of Gibbs, enthalpy, and entropy, at 40°C, was 81.47, 16.85, and ?0.21?kJ/mol?·?K, respectively. After total digestion, 123.95% of the original activity was retained. Results suggested that tannase from A. tamarii URM 7115 is an enzyme of interest for industrial applications, such as gallic acid production, additive for feed industry, and for beverage manufacturing, due to its catalytic and thermodynamic properties. 相似文献
23.
Mitchell A. Lech M. Kokotoff D.M. Waterhouse R.B. 《Antennas and Propagation, IEEE Transactions on》2003,51(2):249-255
High-performance circular probe-fed stacked patch antenna designs are explored through the use of numerical optimization. New trends are sought to aid understanding and to suggest novel solutions. We describe the optimization technique, present a new design trend relating efficiency and bandwidth to the choice of substrate dielectric, and propose and demonstrate a novel, optimized antenna achieving 33% bandwidth whilst maintaining greater than 80% surface wave efficiency. 相似文献
24.
Anna Hać 《Journal of Network and Systems Management》1994,2(1):49-62
This paper analyzes the performance of a switching architecture. The performance measures include the elapsed time of packet transfer and the waiting time to begin transfer. The architecture is partitioned depending on the type of network used and the expected traffic in the network. Every partition has a switch with a buffer that can absorb surges of bursty traffic within the network partition. The buffer size depends on the type of the network and incoming traffic. The partition size depends on the network bandwidth, network traffic, packet size and buffer size. Examples of different networks are used to show the applications of the model. The results show that the elapsed time of packet switch transfer depends exponentially on the number of partitions in the network. 相似文献
25.
Kosslyn Stephen M.; Koenig Olivier; Barrett Anna; Cave Carolyn Backer; Tang Joyce; Gabrieli John D. E. 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1989,15(4):723
Analyses of human object recognition abilities led to the hypothesis that 2 kinds of spatial relation representations are used in human vision. Evidence for the distinction between abstract categorical spatial relation representations and specific coordinate spatial relation representations was provided in 4 experiments. These results indicate that Ss make categorical judgments—on/off, left/right, and above/below—faster when stimuli are initially presented to the left cerebral hemisphere, whereas they make evaluations of distance—in relation to 2 mm, 3 mm, or 1 in. (2.54 cm)—faster when stimuli are initially presented to the right cerebral hemisphere. In addition, there was evidence that categorical representations developed with practice. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
26.
Henrik Lindstrm Eva Magnusson Anna Holmberg Sven Sdergren Sten-Eric Lindquist Anders Hagfeldt 《Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells》2002,73(1):240
The present paper describes a new method for manufacturing a nanostructured porous layer of TiO2 on a conducting glass substrate for use in a dye-sensitized photoelectrochemical cell. The method involves deposition of a layer of semiconductor particles onto a conducting substrate and compression of the particle layer to form a mechanically stable, electrically conducting, and porous nanostructured film at room temperature. Photoelectrochemical characteristics and morphology of the resulting nanostructured films are presented. The potential use of the new manufacturing method in the future applications of nanostructured systems is discussed. 相似文献
27.
The aim of this study was to investigate the drug‐loading effects on release and mechanical properties of a scleroglucan gel, with the intention of considering them in delivery systems formulations. The rheological and kinetic properties of a 2 % w/w scleroglucan gel matrix loaded with 0, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.2 and 0.4 % w/w of theophylline (Th, used as a model drug) were investigated. Rheological measurements were performed in a controlled‐stress rotational‐shear rheometer under isothermal conditions. For theophylline release from the gel a flat Franz cell was used and the kinetic parameters were derived applying a semi‐empirical power law. The influence of scleroglucan molar weight on kinetic and rheological behaviour was also studied. Results suggest two possible effects of drug loading on the gel network: in the 0.04–0.06 % w/w Th range a plasticizing effect and in the 0.2–0.4 % w/w Th range a rigidization effect. In the first range mentioned, the changes in the gel structural properties tested by means of rheological measurements are coincident with changes in drug‐release kinetics. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
28.
Valentina I. Simagina Pavel A. Storozhenko Olga V. Netskina Oksana V. Komova Galina V. Odegova Yury V. Larichev Arcady V. Ishchenko Anna M. Ozerova 《Catalysis Today》2008,138(3-4):253
Catalytic hydrolysis of NaBH4 and NH3BH3 has been studied. It was shown that the nature of the support and the active component of the catalyst affect the H2 generation rate. Despite similar sizes of rhodium particles formed on the surface of different supports (γ-Al2O3, TiO2, carbon), their reactivity is different. Rh/TiO2 with low rhodium concentration (1 wt.%) is the most active catalyst both in the hydrolysis of NaBH4 and NH3BH3. The obtained results show that the rhodium chloride interaction with titania determines the reactivity of rhodium particles formed under action of NaBH4 medium. TEM, DRS UV–vis and XPS were used to characterize the catalysts. 相似文献
29.
Marta Fernndez-García Pedro Francisco Caamero Jos Luis de la Fuente 《Reactive and Functional Polymers》2008,68(9):1384-1391
Epoxy-functional spontaneous gradient copolymers of glycidyl methacrylate (G) and n-butyl acrylate (B) were synthesized via atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). The copolymerization reactions were carried out in toluene solution at 70 °C, using methyl 2-bromopropionate (MBrP) as initiator and copper chloride with N,N,N′,N′′,N′′-pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (PMDETA) as the catalyst system. The kinetic behaviour of the statistical copolymerizations was studied in a wide composition interval with molar fractions of G ranging from 0.10 to 0.75. The synthesized copolymers were characterized by size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. 1H NMR was employed to determine the copolymer composition, demonstrating the gradient character of the copolymers along the main chain in the whole monomer conversion interval. Apart from this, the sequence distribution and stereoregularity were analyzed. These microstructural experimental data agreed well with those calculated from Mayo-Lewis terminal model (MLTM) and a Bernoullian statistic with an isotacticity parameter of σG = 0.28 and a coisotacticity parameter of σ = 0.30. 相似文献
30.
Ottavia Colombo Simona Villani Giovanna Pinelli Claudia Trentani Maurizia Baldi Orazio Tomarchio Anna Tagliabue 《Nutrition journal》2008,7(1):5