Discovery and structural elucidation of the illegal azo dye Basic Red 46 in sumac spice

An unknown red dye was discovered in a sumac spice sample during routine analysis for Sudan dyes. LC-DAD and LC-MS/MS did not reveal the identity of the red substance. Nevertheless, using LC-high-resolution MS and isotope ratio comparisons the structure was identified as Basic Red 46. The identity of the dye was further confirmed by comparison with a commercial hair-staining product and two textile dye formulations containing Basic Red 46. Analogous to the Sudan dyes, Basic Red 46 is an azo dye. However, some of the sample clean-up methodology utilised for the analysis of Sudan dyes in food prevents its successful detection. In contrast to the Sudan dyes, Basic Red 46 is a cation. Its cationic properties make it bind strongly to gel permeation columns and silica solid-phase extraction cartridges and prevent elution with standard eluents. This is the first report of Basic Red 46 in food. The structure elucidation of this compound as well as the disadvantages of analytical methods focusing on a narrow group of targeted analytes are discussed.     

Similarities and differences in four views of David.

In this article, each author gives a brief comment on similarities he or she sees throughout the case formulations captured in the articles by Watson (2010a), Silberschatz (2010), Goldfried (2010), and Caspar (2010). A systematic comparison is added. Overall, the impression is confirmed and maintained that if authors are ready to renounce the use of the jargon of their specific approach, many similarities can be found. There are nevertheless differences that would lead us to expect a different course of therapy and different effects beyond the main effect of recovery in the case of David, pursuing the conceptualization and interventions proposed by Watson (2010b). (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

On the use of peak-force tapping atomic force microscopy for quantification of the local elastic modulus in hardened cement paste

A surface of epoxy-impregnated hardened cement paste was investigated using a novel atomic force microscopy (AFM) imaging mode that allows for the quantitative mapping of the local elastic modulus. The analyzed surface was previously prepared using focussed ion beam milling. The same surface was also characterized by electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy.We demonstrate the capability of this quantitative nanomechanical mapping to provide information on the local distribution of the elastic modulus (from about 1 to about 100 GPa) with a spatial resolution in the range of decananometers, that corresponds to that of low-keV back-scattered electron imaging. Despite some surface roughness which affects the measured nanomechanical properties it is shown that topography, adhesion and Young's modulus can be clearly distinguished.The quantitative mapping of the local elastic modulus is able to discriminate between phases in the cement paste microstructure that cannot be distinguished from the corresponding back-scattered electron images.     

Verfahren zur Verl?ngerung der Haltbarkeit von Konsummilch und ihre stofflichen Ver?nderungen: ESL-Milch

Die ESL-Technologie stellt nach der H-Milch eine weitere Entwicklung mit hohem Zusatznutzen in Bezug auf Haltbarkeit und Vorratshaltung dar, wovon sowohl Handel als auch Verbraucher gleicherma?en profitieren k?nnen. Im Vergleich zum herk?mmlich pasteurisierten Produkt bringt das ESL-Konzept entscheidende Vorteile hinsichtlich der Haltbarkeit der Milch mit sich, wirkt sich dabei aber kaum oder nur geringfügig auf die für den Verbraucher entscheidenden bzw. wertrelevanten Produkteigenschaften aus. ESL-Produkte sind in diesem Sinne also nicht nur „l?nger haltbar”, sondern unserer Einsch?tzung nach auch „l?nger frisch”. Dass gerade die Produktcharakteristika der ESL-Milch den Wünschen der Verbraucher entgegenkommen, zeigt sich an der stetig steigenden Nachfrage nach diesen Produkten und dem damit einhergehenden Absatzrückgang von herk?mmlich pasteurisierter Frischmilch. Die Verbraucher haben also durch ihr Kaufverhalten in den letzten Jahren bereits deutlich gemacht, dass sie der ESL-Milch durchaus positiv gegenüberstehen und sich mit diesem Produktkonzept keineswegs „get?uscht” fühlen, was die hier zusammengefassten Fakten eindeutig untermauern.     

Early development in males with Fragile X syndrome: a review of the literature

This article reviews the current bibliographic knowledge on early neurobehavioral development and milestones in Fragile X syndrome (FraX), with emphasis on males affected by the condition. Three broad areas of early development were examined: (1) gross and fine motor, (2) speech and language, and (3) social. The result of the current review indicates very limited information on the developmental milestones in all three areas. The scarce literature on motor development shows that in FraX there is an early developmental delay. Research on speech and language demonstrates pervasive deficits in conversational skills and severe developmental delay, with increasing discrepancy between language level and chronological age in young males with FraX. Finally, deficits in social development in FraX include abnormal gaze, approach and avoidance conflict, and high incidence of autistic spectrum disorders.     

Entwicklung rechtssicherer Web-Anwendungen

A broad variety of juridical requirements has to be considered during the development of Web-applications. Disregard of these requirements holds severe financial dangers. A complete compilation of juridical requirements is complicated due to the multitude of juridical areas and the variety of Web-applications. Therefore, a development-driven juridical framework is suggested. From a software engineering point of view it is crucial to capture requirements at an early stage of development in order to avoid much higher costs at a later time. Thus, specialized conceptual modelling methods are examined with regard to their capability to model juridical requirements. A lack of methodical support is identified which is addressed by a systematic adaption and extension of the eW3DT method.     

Search for Superconductivity in Lithium

We report on the results of a search for superconductivity in Li. We find no evidence for the predicted transition to superconductivity at any temperature down to 5 mK in magnetic fields down to 0.4 T. However, an unexpected Curie–Weiss temperature dependence in the magnetic susceptibility is observed. We discuss the possibility that this signal arises from the Li itself, the possibility that it arises from Kondo behavior, and the implications of the effect for the predicted T_c of Li.     

A decision model for operating two alternate energy generating systems

A solar energy generating system is to be supplemented by two conventional generating systems. A method for investigating the effect of various operating policies of the combined system on the productivity and availability is developed. Using a Markov-Chain approach for computing the long-run expectations of the objectives it was demonstrated that the use of a stand-by mode for one of the conventional systems was optimal. Numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the methodology both for special and more general cases.     

Pro- und Antioxydantien auf dem Fettgebiet XXVI: Anthochlore von Dahlia variabilis und Cosmos sulphureus

Pro- and Antioxidants in the Field of Fats XXVI: Anthochlores of Dahlia variabilis and Cosmos sulphureus The authors have determined the antioxidative activity of the anthochlor pigments of Dahlia variabilis and Cosmos sulphureus on methyl linoleate. It was found that the aglycones butein and sulphuretin exhibit stronger antioxidative action than the chalkone aglycone 2″,4,4″-trihydroxy chalcone. During the treatment of the two flowers, a splitting of the glycosides was observed. In the freshly cut Cosmos sulphureus variety no aglycones could be detected. Furthermore, the distribution of anthochlores in the various series of petals in Dahlia variabilis and Helichrysum bracteatum was studied.