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81.
Naoki Abe 《New Generation Computing》1991,8(4):319-335
We consider the problem of learning the commutative subclass of regular languages in the on-line model of predicting {0,1∼-valued
functions from examples and reinforcements due to Littlestone [7,4]. We show that the entire class of commutative deterministic
finite state automata (CDFAs) of an arbitrary alphabet sizek is predictable inO(s
k) time with the worst case number of mistakes bounded above byO(s
kk logs), wheres is the number of states in the target DFA. As a corollary, this result implies that the class of CDFAs is also PAC-learnable
from random labeled examples in timeO(s
k) with sample complexity, using a different class of representations. The mistake bound of our algorithm is within a polynomial, for a fixed alphabet
size, of the lower boundO(s+k) we obtain by calculating the VC-dimension of the class. Our result also implies the predictability of the class of finite
sets of commutative DFAs representing the finite unions of the languages accepted by the respective DFAs.
Part of this work was supported by the Office of Naval Research under contract number N00014-87-K-0401 while the author was
at the Department of Computer and Information Science, University of Pennsylvania, and N0014-86-K-0454 while at the Department
of Computer and Information Sciences, U.C. Santa Cruz. The author’s email address is abe@IBL.CL.nec.co.jp 相似文献
82.
M Kusunoki K Kimura M Nakamura Y Isaka S Yoneda H Abe 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1981,1(4):413-417
The contribution of hematocrit (Ht) changes on cerebral blood flow (CBF) and brain oxygenation in ischemic cerebrovascular disease is still controversial. In the present study, effects of Ht variations of CBF and oxygen delivery were investigated in patients with ischemic cerebrovascular disease. CBF was measured by the Xe-133 intracarotid injection method in 27 patients, whose diagnoses included completed stroke, reversible ischemic neurological deficit, and transient ischemic attack. Ht values in the patients ranged from 31 to 53%. There was a significant inverse correlation between CBF and Ht in these Ht ranges. Oxygen delivery, i.e., the product of arterial oxygen content and CBF, increased with Ht elevation and reached the maximum level in the Ht range of 40-45% and then declined. The CBF-Ht and oxygen transport-Ht relations observed in our study were similar to those in the glass-tube model studies by other workers rather than to those in intact animal experiments. From these results, it is conceivable that in ischemic cerebrovascular disease, the vasomotor adjustment was impaired in such a manner that the relations among Ht, CBF, and oxygen delivery were different from those in healthy subjects. Further, an "optimal hematocrit" for brain oxygenation was also discussed. 相似文献
83.
Toshiyuki Abe Junji KubotaTamotsu Tanaka Kuniaki ShojiAkio Tajiri Masao Kaneko 《Electrochimica acta》2002,47(24):3901-3907
Electrocatalytic O2 reduction was studied using a modified electrode coated with a Nafion membrane (Nf) dispersing a trinuclear ruthenium ammine complex ([(NH3)5RuIIIORuIV(NH3)4ORuIII(NH3)5]Cl6, Ru-red). When measuring cyclic voltammogram under O2 atmosphere (at 0.5 mV s−1), catalytic currents due to O2 reduction were found to develop below −0.2 V (vs. Ag/AgCl). Since Ru-red undergoes irreversible decomposition into the mononuclear complexes via the reduced state (RuIII-RuIII-RuIII) (∼−0.1 V), it is suggested that the electrocatalysis originates from the decomposed species (initial active species: RuII(NH3)5(OH2) and RuII(NH3)4(OH2)2) rather than from the Ru-red. Although the present electrocatalyst was also applied to H2O2 reduction system, the catalytic activity was found to be poor from the voltammetric behavior. It appeared that the kinetics of the electrocatalysis is much faster in the O2 reduction than in the H2O2 one. A selective and direct catalysis for O2 reduction into H2O was suggested from a ring-disk voltammogram to take place by an aggregate of the mononuclear ruthenium complexes in the polymer matrix. In addition, it was found that electrocatalytic O2 reduction involves a slow kinetic process, so that factors affecting the overall kinetics were discussed in terms of the catalysis mechanism. 相似文献
84.
Progress of psychotherapy and of related behaviour sciences makes evident the importance of a better understanding of human relations. But psychoanalysis finds it hard to describe interpersonal processes without transference. In order to remain within the conceptional frame of metapsychology it has to see interaction between individuals as the oral, aggressive or sexual cathexis of an object or as satisfaction or denial of the subject by the object. The structure of the "ego", which--in analogy to medical thinking--is conceived as an organ with its functions, is considered to have no interpersonal activities. The "ego" of the classic psychoanalytic theory is chiefly occupied with itself. It has to care for its egoistical interests and to guarantee its self-preservation. As an auxiliary and meanwhile popular concept the "self" has been introduced to describe object-relations. This concept is not sharply defined. Due to its metapsychological implications it produces additional theoretical difficulties. Linguistic studies show that every inventory of words implies a certain insight into reality. For this reason the metapsychological machine-like concept of psychic structures does not permit new ideas about interpersonal relations. If we leave metapsychology and base on colloquial speech we see that the experience of "I" is much more related to persons than the rather autistic concept of the "ego" shows. Further we learn that self-preservation cannot be an egoistical interest; it depends on the attachment to others. All feelings of self-esteem depend much more on interpersonal relations than on "narcissistic regulations". From these experiences three conclusions are derived: a) One of the main qualities of the ego is the relatedness to persons. b) The concept of narcissistic regulation as a successor of primary narcissism is no longer useful. Narcissistic traits develop as the secundary compensations if the individual failed to build up satisfactory interpersonal relations. c) The revision of (a) ego-psychology and (b) theory of narcissism asks for modifications of the therapeutic technique, where now the interest is especially concentrated on interpersonal problems instead on the pathology of the ego. 相似文献
85.
Yasuhiro Kobayashi Masaaki Ohkita Michio Inoue 《Mathematics and computers in simulation》1976,18(2):115-122
For an analog simulating system, an approximating system is proposed. Its mathematical form is expressed by an algebraic equation: with four parameters given by real numbers. Their values can be determined so as to satisfy a best fit in a Chebyshev sense. Then, the accuracy is of the same order with that obtained by any kind of ordinary power series up to terms o f the third order. It is noticeable that a given function can be accurately approximated by this equation without destroying its uniform continuity.As its electronic system, it is possible to utilize forward current-voltage characteristics o f p-n diodes near their origins. Different functions can be produced by adjusting an amount o f ordinary resistances connected to diodes in series. 相似文献
86.
SiO2 thin film deposition on the inner surface of a poly(tetra-fluoroethylene) narrow tube by atmospheric-pressure glow microplasma 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
SiO2 thin films were deposited on the inner surfaces of a commercial poly(tetrafluoroethylene) narrow tube with an inner diameter of 0.5 mm using tetraethoxysilane/O2 feedstock gases and He carrier gas by atmospheric-pressure microplasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition. A glow microplasma was generated inside the tube by radio frequency (RF) capacitively coupled discharge. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy spectra showed that the tube inner surface was covered by a SiO2 thin film. Transparent SiO2 thin films were obtained with a deposition rate of 230 nm/min at an RF power of 6 W and substrate temperature of 100 °C. The wettability of the SiO2-coated tube was about 3 times as large as that of an untreated sample tube. 相似文献
87.
The effects of impurity doping in CrO/sub 2/ have been calculated based on the Cr/sub 9/O/sub 40/ cluster using the method of DV-X /spl alpha/ molecular orbital calculation. Elements (Mo, W) belonging to the same family as Cr and the ones (Zr, Ru, Sn) whose dioxides have the same crystalline structure as the rutile were selected for impurity doping. The calculated results show the large enhancements of the magnetic moment and the Curie temperature by the doping of Zr and Ru, respectively. 相似文献
88.
89.
In this paper, we discuss a fuzzy classifier with ellipsoidal regions that dynamically generates clusters. First, for the data belonging to a class we define a fuzzy rule with an ellipsoidal region. Namely, using the training data for each class, we calculate the center and the covariance matrix of the ellipsoidal region for the class. Then we tune the fuzzy rules, i.e., the slopes of the membership functions, successively until there is no improvement in the recognition rate of the training data. Then if the number of the data belonging to a class that are misclassified into another class exceeds a prescribed number, we define a new cluster to which those data belong and the associated fuzzy rule. Then we tune the newly defined fuzzy rules in the similar way as stated above, fixing the already obtained fuzzy rules. We iterate generation of clusters and tuning of the newly generated fuzzy rules until the number of the data belonging to a class that are misclassified into another class does not exceed the prescribed number. We evaluate our method using thyroid data, Japanese Hiragana data of vehicle license plates, and blood cell data. By dynamic cluster generation, the generalization ability of the classifier is improved and the recognition rate of the fuzzy classifier for the test data is the best among the neural network classifiers and other fuzzy classifiers if there are no discrete input variables 相似文献
90.
Atsuyoshi Nakamura Jun-ichi Takeuchi Naoki Abe 《Annals of Mathematics and Artificial Intelligence》1998,23(1-2):53-82
We consider a variant of the ‘population learning model’ proposed by Kearns and Seung [8], in which the learner is required
to be ‘distribution-free’ as well as computationally efficient. A population learner receives as input hypotheses from a large
population of agents and produces as output its final hypothesis. Each agent is assumed to independently obtain labeled sample
for the target concept and output a hypothesis. A polynomial time population learner is said to PAC-learn a concept class,
if its hypothesis is probably approximately correct whenever the population size exceeds a certain bound which is polynomial,
even if the sample size for each agent is fixed at some constant. We exhibit some general population learning strategies,
and some simple concept classes that can be learned by them. These strategies include the ‘supremum hypothesis finder’, the
‘minimum superset finder’ (a special case of the ‘supremum hypothesis finder’), and various voting schemes. When coupled with
appropriate agent algorithms, these strategies can learn a variety of simple concept classes, such as the ‘high–low game’,
conjunctions, axis-parallel rectangles and others. We give upper bounds on the required population size for each of these
cases, and show that these systems can be used to obtain a speed up from the ordinary PAC-learning model [11], with appropriate
choices of sample and population sizes. With the population learner restricted to be a voting scheme, what we have is effectively
a model of ‘population prediction’, in which the learner is to predict the value of the target concept at an arbitrarily drawn
point, as a threshold function of the predictions made by its agents on the same point. We show that the population learning
model is strictly more powerful than the population prediction model. Finally, we consider a variant of this model with classification
noise, and exhibit a population learner for the class of conjunctions in this model.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献