Formation, sintering, and electrical conductivity of (Nd1−xCax)CrO3 (0≤x≤0.25) using citric acid as a gelling agent

In Ca²⁺-substituted NdCrO₃, single-phase perovskite compounds (Nd_1−xCa_x)CrO₃, where x=0-0.25, have been formed by a citric acid processing. (Nd_1−xCa_x)CrO₃ powders consisting of submicrometer-size particles are sinterable; dense materials can be fabricated by sintering for 2 h at 1700°C under atmospheric pressure. The relative densities, grain sizes, and electrical conductivities increase with increased Ca²⁺ content. (Nd_0.75Ca_0.25)CrO₃ materials show an excellent electrical conductivity of 1.9×10 S m⁻¹ at 1000°C.     

DFT时代的ATE结构--多端口ATE

在单颗硅芯片上设计更多系统功能(SOC)的趋势,增加了IC的开发与制造测试的复杂度。未来对于较高速度与较多管脚数的需求,将使传统的自动化测试仪器(ATE)变得非常昂贵。为了减轻开发工作的负担及降低制造测试的成本,不得不寻求知识产权(IP)的再利用与可测试性设计(DFT)技术。本文介绍一种新的多端口ATE结构,它是为基于IP的测试开发与执行而设计的。这种结构提供刚好足够的能力来测试芯片,以降低ATE的资本成本,并广泛使用平行测试来提高产能。     

L-fuzzy grammars

An L-fuzzy grammar is defined by assigning the element of lattice to the rewriting rules of a formal grammar. According to the kind of lattice, say, distributive lattice, lattice-ordered group, and lattice-ordered monoid, two type of L-fuzzy grammars are defined. It is shown that some context-sensitive languages can be generated by type 3 $\text{1-L-}\text{fuzzy}$ grammars with cut points. It is also shown that for type 2 L-fuzzy grammars, Chomsky and Greibach normal form can be constructed as an extension of corresponding notion in the theory of formal grammars.     

Formation of hydrogen-capped polyynes by laser ablation of C60 particles suspended in solution

Laser ablation of C₆₀ particles suspended in hexane or methanol solution has been studied using a Nd:YAG laser (266, 355, 532, and 1064 nm). Insoluble product analysis by Raman spectroscopy showed that C₆₀ particles transformed to graphite-like ones. On the other hand, soluble product analysis by HPLC coupled with UV absorption spectroscopy and GC/MS demonstrated that linear hydrogen-capped polyynes (C_nH₂: n=8, 10, 12) were formed. The dominant C_nH₂ polyyne was C₈H₂ in all cases. The relative abundance of polyynes decreased with increasing wavelength of the Nd:YAG laser, except for 266-nm irradiation in hexane, where the relative abundance of polyynes at 355 nm was greater than that at 266 nm. It was therefore concluded that photochemical processes are more important than thermal ones for the formation of polyynes. The relative abundance of polyynes in hexane was greater than that in methanol. The dependence of relative abundance of polyynes on the particles concentration, laser irradiation time, and laser power was measured in order to obtain information on formation mechanism of polyynes. These results and reported laser photochemical processes of C₆₀ molecules in the gas phase suggested that C₂ radicals produced from C₆₀ are polymerized and hydrogenated to form C₈H₂ and much smaller amounts of C₁₀H₂ and C₁₂H₂.