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41.
Highly crystallized BaWO4 films have been prepared on a tungsten substrate in an alkaline solution containing barium ions by an electrochemical method with a constant direct current density of 1 mA/cm2 at room temperature (25°C). The average grain size was about 13 μm, and the thickness about 9 μm after a treatment time of 35 min. The dependence of cell voltage on deposition time was divided into three steps: conduction, anodic oxidation, and breakdown steps. The BaWO4 film formed during the first step. Electrochemical dissolution of metal tungsten occurred with an accompanying positive change of overpotential in the first step. The crystallization of BaWO4 was characterized by three-dimensional nucleation. In the second step, an amorphous tungsten oxide film formed, thereby increasing the potential. An electrical breakdown occurred in the third step, and the breakdown voltage (about 90 V) was practically the same as those of anodic tungsten oxide films. 相似文献
42.
Tadaharu Adachi Wakako Araki Takuya Nakahara Akihiko Yamaji Masahiro Gamou 《应用聚合物科学杂志》2002,86(9):2261-2265
The relationship between the postcuring conditions and fracture toughness on three silica particulate‐filled epoxy composites was investigated. The glass transition temperature, Tg, and the fragility parameter, m, derived from the thermo‐viscoelasticity, were used to characterize the composites, which were postcured under various conditions. The glass transition temperature and fragility both depended on both of the curing conditions and the volume fraction of silica particles. The glass transition temperature increased with the postcuring time and temperature, while the fragility generally decreased as the volume fraction increased. There was no direct correlation between the glass transition temperature and fragility. The fracture toughness depended on both the glass transition temperature and fragility. The composites with a high glass transition temperature and low fragility had high fracture toughness. These results indicate that the glass transition temperature and fragility are useful parameters for estimating the fracture toughness of the silica particulate‐filled epoxy composites. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 86: 2261–2265, 2002 相似文献
43.
A commercial Co---Mo/Al2O3 catalyst was labeled with the radioisotope 35S in hydrodesulfurization (HDS) of 35S-labeled dibenzothiophene (35S-DBT) in a high-pressure flow reactor at 50 kg/cm2. Then, HDS of 4-methyldibenzothiophene (4-MDBT) and 4,6-dimethyldibenzothiophene (4,6-DMDBT) or sulfur exchange of H2S were carried out on the labeled catalyst at 50 kg/cm2 and 260–360°C. The amounts of labile sulfur participating in the reaction were determined from the radioactivity of 35S---H2S released from the 35S-labeled catalyst. In the HDS reactions, the amount of labile sulfur participating in the reaction decreased in the order: DBT> 4-MDBT> 4,6-DMDBT. In the sulfur exchange reaction with H2S, the adsorption of H2S on the catalyst reached saturation above a H2S partial pressure of 0.36 kg/cm2. It was suggested that the release of H2S from the labile sulfur may be the rate determining step of the HDS reaction. 相似文献
44.
The pre-treatment of a silica-supported gallium oxide catalyst with H2 at 823 K increased the yield of aromatics and the selectivity to aromatics in the dehydrogenation of propane over the catalyst at 823 K. Gallium oxide in the catalyst was partially reduced with H2 at 823 K. NH3 desorption and DRIFTS studies on the gallium oxide catalyst suggest that the dehydrogenation of propane over a silica-supported gallium oxide catalyst would proceed in the following way: (1) the dehydrogenation of propane to produce propene would occur on Ga sites including Gaδ+–H sites and (2) the aromatization of propene to aromatics on Ga–O–H acid sites. 相似文献
45.
Chengzhi Hu Masahiro Nakajima Tao Yue Masaru Takeuchi Minoru Seki Qiang Huang Toshio Fukuda 《Microfluidics and nanofluidics》2014,17(3):457-468
Alginate hydrogel has widespread applications in tissue engineering, cancer therapy, wound management and drug/cell/growth factor delivery due to its biocompatibility, hydrated environment and desirable viscoelastic properties. However, the lack of controllability is still an obstacle for utilizing it in the fabrication of 3D tissue constructs and accurate targeting in mass delivery. Here, we proposed a new method for achieving magnetic alginate hydrogel microfibers by dispersing magnetic nanoparticles in alginate solution and solidifying the magnetic alginate into hydrogel fiber inside microfluidic devices. The microfluidic devices have multilayered pneumatic microvalves with hemicylindrical channels to fully stop the fluids. In the experiments, the magnetic nanoparticles and the alginate solution were mixed and formed a uniform suspension. No aggregation of magnetic nanoparticles was found, which is crucial for flow control inside microfluidic devices. By regulating the flow rates of different solutions with the microvalves inside the microfluidic device, magnetic hydrogel fibers and nonmagnetic hydrogel fibers were fabricated with controlled sizes. The proposed method for fabricating magnetic hydrogel fiber holds great potential for engineering 3D tissue constructs with complex architectures and active drug release. 相似文献
46.
The relationship between the postcuring conditions and the fracture toughness of a bisphenol A‐type epoxy resin cured with acid anhydride was investigated. The glass transition temperature and fragility parameter, derived from the thermo‐viscoelasticity, were used to characterize the epoxy resin postcured under various conditions. Relationship between these two parameters and the fracture toughness was then investigated, based on the fractography results of a microscopic roughness examination of a fractured surface. The values of the glass transition temperature and fragility greatly depended on the postcuring conditions. The glass transition temperature was approximately 400 K when the crosslinking reaction was saturated. The fragility was independent of the saturation of the reaction and varied between 50 and 180. The results of the fracture test and fractography examination showed that there was no direct correlation between the glass transition temperature, the fracture toughness, and the roughness. On the other hand, there was a correlation between the fragility, fracture toughness, and roughness when the glass transition temperature saturated (at 400 K). As the fragility decreased from 180 to 50, the fracture toughness increased from 0.6 to 1.1 MPa · m1/2 at the same glass transition temperature. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 10: 2266–2271, 2002 相似文献
47.
Yoshihiro Hirata Kazuyoshi Sakeda Yumi Matsushita Kinji Shimada Yoshimi Ishihara 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》1989,72(6):995-1002
Submicrometer SiO2 -Al2 O3 powders with compositions of 46.5 to 76.6 wt% Al2 O3 were prepared by hydrolysis of mixed alkoxides. Phase change, mullite composition, and particle size of powders with heating were analyzed by DTA, XRD, IR, BET, and TEM. As-produced amorphous powders partially transformed to mullite and Al-Si spinel at around 980°C. The compositions of mullite produced at 1400° and 1550°C were richer in Al2 O3 than the compositions of stable mullite solid solutions predicted from the phase diagram of the SiO2 -Al2 O3 system. Particle size decreased with increasing Al2 O3 content. The sintered densities depended upon the amount of SiO2 -rich glassy phase formed during sintering and the green density expressed as a function of particle size. 相似文献
48.
The paper deals with the control problem of discrete‐time nonlinear systems. The main contribution of this note is to present conditions that assure the existence of stationary policies that generate lower bounds for the minimal long‐run average cost. These lower bounds coincide with the optimal solution when a mild convergence assumption holds. To illustrate the results, the paper presents an application for the simultaneous state‐feedback control problem, and the derived strategy is used to design a real‐time simultaneous control for two direct current motor devices. The dynamics of these two devices are written in terms of a nonlinear algebraic matrix recurrence, which in turn represents a particular case for our general nonlinear approach. The optimal gain for the corresponding simultaneous state‐feedback problem is obtained, and such a gain was implemented in a laboratory testbed to control simultaneously the two direct current motors. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
49.
This paper reports the development of a method for simultaneously measuring zeolite, silicate, and phosphate in laundry detergent
products by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. A sample is decomposed under alkaline oxidative conditions
to decompose zeolite, silicate, phosphate, and organic substances. Then hydrochloric acid is added to the decomposed solution
to dissolve aluminum hydroxide precipitate before analysis. This sample preparation procedure was investigated by using a
total organic carbon analyzer and was confirmed to be applicable to simultaneous measurements of zeolite, silicate, and phosphate.
Relative standard deviation for the analysis is less than 2.1%, recovery is more than 99.0%, and the calibration curve gives
a correlation coefficient ofR=1.000. The detection limit of this method for aluminum and silicon is 0.1%, and for phosphorus, 0.2% by weight in the product.
This method is applicable to various laundry detergent products that contain zeolite, silicate, or phosphate and is five times
faster than the three wet chemical methods. 相似文献
50.
Masako Kashiwagi Shinichi Uehara Ayako Takagi Masahiro Baba 《Journal of the Society for Information Display》2014,22(1):68-75
To widen the vertical and horizontal angular ranges where the lens performs well, the off‐axis performance of a liquid crystal gradient index (LC GRIN) lens is analyzed by the combined simulation system of an LC director simulator and a ray‐tracing simulator. We found that the angular difference between an LC alignment direction and an electrode array direction of the LC GRIN lens is one of significant parameters, and detailed conditions of structure are established. The measurement result shows that the developed structure reduces the degradation ratio in a luminance profile from 61% to 3.2%. We have applied a user tracking system for the rotatable 3D display, equipped with a detection of a panel orientation and a face position. As a result, we have developed a rotatable 2D/3D tablet whose 3D viewing azimuth angle is over 30° in both landscape and portrait orientations. 相似文献