What do architects and students perceive in their design sketches? A protocol analysis

The present research aims at examining what information architects think of and read off from their own freehand sketches, and at revealing how they perceptually interact with and benefit from sketches. We explored this in a protocol analysis of retrospective reports; each participant worked on an architectural design task while drawing freehand sketches and later reported what she/he had been thinking of during the design task. This research lies within the scope of examinations of why freehand sketches as external representation are essential for crystallizing design ideas in early design processes.     

Coherent Phase Diagram for Spinodal Decomposition in the Tetragonal Titanium Dioxide—Tin Oxide System

A microscopic calculation was carried out for spinodal decomposition in the tetragonal TiO₂—SnO₂ system by taking into account the contribution of the elastic free energy. Necessary elastic constants for the solid solutions and the elastic free energy of modulated structure were calculated in terms of interatomic potentials. A coherent phase diagram was obtained unambiguously from the calculated elastic free energy by using the interaction parameter determined by the experimental binodal line. The results were compared with the calculation based on the regular-solution model.     

沥青混合料劈裂强度与压实度及路用性能相关性研究

为评估15℃劈裂强度作为沥青路面交工验收指标的合理性,选择Sup-13、Sup-20、ATB-25和SMA-13四种沥青混合料,研究15℃劈裂强度与芯样压实度及沥青混合料路用性能的相关性。结果表明,沥青混合料15℃劈裂强度与芯样压实度呈正相关,当压实度为最大理论密度的93%时,Sup-13、Sup-20、SMA-13和ATB-25的劈裂强度分别为1.260MPa、1.423MPa、1.066MPa和1.470MPa。15℃劈裂强度与60℃动稳定度、冻融劈裂强度比和残留稳定度呈正相关,与低温破坏应变呈负相关,相关系数不低于0.6241。     

Low Temperature Direct of Graphene onto Metal Nano‐Spindt Tip with Applications in Electron Emission

Graphene has been known for its superior electronic properties ever since its discovery in 2004. The high aspect ratio and ballistic transport properties exhibited by this one‐dimensional material are especially useful for electron emission applications. However, they are typically grown horizontally and excess efforts, such as the use of transfer techniques, is required to orientate them before effective electron emission from the graphene edges can occur. These transfer techniques have been shown to lead to additional defects to the as‐grown graphene structure, thereby degrading its properties. Here, we present an approach to directly fabricate graphene onto metal nano‐sized spindt tips (or nanocones) using the solid‐state transformation of carbon deposited from a pulsed laser system at low temperature. Besides providing a layer of chemical and mechanical protection for the metal nanocones, the graphene‐on‐metal nanocones gave enhanced emission properties compared to bare metal nanocones. This was due to the reduction of effective field emission tunneling barrier, which was a result of graphene‐metal charge transfer interactions. Controlling the metal nanocones density was also an important factor in determining the field emission performance, as electron screening from neighboring cones should be minimized.     

Moiré interferometry measurements of neartip deformation in inhomogeneous elasticplastic fracture specimens

Moiré interferometry was used for direct measurements of the crack tip behavior in the homogeneous compact tension (CT) specimens of A533B and HT80 steels, and in electron-beam welded inhomogeneous CT specimens of the two materials. These two materials have considerably different yield stresses, although their elastic properties are the same. Five types of homogeneous and inhomogeneous specimens were used in the experiment. Moiré fringe patterns of the five specimen types were directly compared for elastic, elastic-plastic and unloaded stages. Although the global deformations in terms of the load versus COD relations exhibit little inhomogeneity effects, large inhomogeneity effects were observed in the moiré fringe patterns in the elastic-plastic and unloaded stages. The near-tip deformations were also compared with the corresponding HRR singular fields. In a horizontal weld specimen, due to strong hardening in the weld region, the slope of the displacement field does not shift the characteristic HRR field for the A533B or the HT80 steel for increasing load.     

Effect of gas flow rate on surface morphology and crystal quality of ZnTe epilayers grown on GaAs substrates

The effect of gas flow rate on surface morphology and crystal quality of ZnTe layers grown on the (1 0 0) GaAs substrates by atmospheric pressure metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy with dimethylzinc and diethyltelluride as the source materials was investigated. The surface morphology of the ZnTe epilayers is significantly improved with increasing the total gas flow rate. X-ray rocking curve and photoluminescence measurements indicate that the total gas flow rate plays a vital role in the growth characteristics of the ZnTe epilayers, and the ZnTe epilayer with best crystal quality is obtained at the total gas flow rate around 300 standard cubic centimeters per minute (sccm) in this work.     

Investigation of pesticide residues in foods distributed in Kitakyushu City

We investigated 160 kinds of pesticide residues in 715 samples of 116 kinds of foods distributed in Kitakyushu city. Sixty kinds of pesticides were detected in 55 kinds of foods (204 samples) in the range of 0.002-22 mg/kg. Five kinds of pesticides in 7 samples violated the residue standards and the indication of "unused". The detection ratios of unregulated pesticide in domestic and imported foods were 27.8 and 33.0%, respectively. Iprodione, dicofol, diethofencarb, procymidone and chlorfenapyr (for domestic food) and total bromine, benomyl, chlorpyrifos, dicofol, fenvalerate, cypermethrin and dimethoate (for imported food) showed relatively high detection ratios. Chinese cabbage, garland chrysanthemum, tomatoes and green teas (domestic) and broccoli, bananas, grapefruit, lemons, oranges, frozen edamame and frozen kidney beans (imported) showed high relative pesticide detection ratios. Residual pesticides were detected with relatively high frequency in imported fruits, imported frozen foods and imported processed foods.     

Design and manufacturing of JT-60SA vacuum vessel

JT-60 is planned to be upgraded to JT-60SA tokamak machine with fully superconducting coils, which is a project of the JA-EU satellite tokamak program under both Broader Approach program and Japanese domestic program. The JT-60SA vacuum vessel (VV) has a D-shape poloidal cross section and a toroidal configuration with 10° facet segmented in toroidal direction. The material of the VV is 316L stainless steel with low cobalt content of <0.05 wt%. A double wall structure is adopted for the VV to ensure high rigidity and high toroidal one-turn resistance simultaneously.Fundamental welding R&D and a trial manufacturing of the 20° upper half of the VV have been performed to study the manufacturing procedure. After the confirmation of the quality of the mock-up, manufacturing of the actual VV started in November 2009.