A Fail-safe Logic Operator Using an Insulated Planar Transformer

A fail-safe logic circuit must switch the output signal to the logical value “0” when an operation circuit fails. A transformer has such favorable characteristics for fail-safe logic circuits as only the magnetic flux change is transmitted and a superposition of magnetic flux is realized. Thus those characteristics arc applied to a failsafe logic operator. A new fail-safe logic operator using an insulated planar transformer was developed for a fail-safe majority operation and a fail-safe interlocking. In this paper, the principle, structure, design and fundamental characteristics of the new fail-safe logic operator are described.     

Design for 2-D error feedback networks with identical coefficient sets

In realization of recursive digital filters with fixed point arithmetic, an error caused by roundoff arises. It is known that the level of the roundoff noise of an IIR filter tends to be high when the poles are close to the unit circle. Error feedback (EF) is an effective method to reduce the roundoff noise. It is desirable to design an EF network using as few parameters as possible in order to keep computational costs low. In this paper, we propose a method for designing a 2D EF network with identical coefficient sets. That is, the EF coefficients are divided into several subsets such that all the elements within each set have the same absolute value. In order to optimize the coefficient sets, we propose an algorithm by using the genetic algorithm. In the numerical example, we demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

利用盒子波技术设计野外观测系统

盒子波技术可以较准确地获得干扰波的速度、传播方向以及资料的信噪比信息，能任意进行各种面积的检波器组合。因此，可以根据勘探区域的地表和地下地质条件，利用盒子波技术选择经济有效的检波器组合形式，获得较好的采集资料。首先，简单介绍了盒子波技术在顺托果勒地区的应用。然后，利用盒子波技术中的方形排列进行了检波器组合个数、组合基距、组合图形及室内组合和野外组合的分析和比较，得出了①检波器组合是提高记录信噪比的必要手段；②室内检波器组合的动态范围和去噪能力优于野外检波器组合；③经静校正后再做室内检波器组合，将保留记录的高频成分，大大提高分辨率等结论。最后，设计了一种新的单点多线二维地震观测系统，即把野外组合接收优化为野外单点多线接收，经室内预处理后再进行组合，充分保持了地震记录的原始分辨率，提高了地表和地下地质条件复杂地区目的层信号的分辨率和信噪比。     

一种DC-DC芯片内建可测性设计

DC-DC芯片设计中有许多内部参数需要检测和控制，有限的引脚数目使得直接测试内部参数比较困难. 文中提出一种通用性很强的内建可测性设计方法，在芯片内部设计时只需要增加规模较小的测试电路，就可以在芯片外引脚上测量芯片内部众多的参数.     

A mathematical model for the solute drag effect on recrystallization

The model for the solute drag effect in phase transformations has been applied to recrystallization, i.e., moving grain boundaries. In this model, the total driving force is dissipated by the interfacial energy, the finite interfacial mobility, the solute drag in boundaries, and diffusion in the matrix ahead of the interface, of which all are taken into account consistently. The effects of the Gibbs energy of segregation and the diffusivity of impurity atoms in boundaries were investigated. The results show that the Gibbs energy of segregation mainly affects the critical composition at which the drastic change in the boundary velocity appears, and the diffusivity of impurity atoms in boundaries mainly affects the velocity reduced by the solute drag effect. In other words, the Gibbs energy of segregation and the diffusivity of impurity atoms in boundaries can be evaluated from experimental data by means of the present model. This model was applied to the Al−Mg system, and the Gibbs energy of segregation and the diffusivity of Mg in boundaries were evaluated from experimental data. The evaluated Gibbs energy of segregation agrees with the estimate based on elastic energy considerations. The diffusivity estimated from this model is smaller than that measured along the grain boundary. ZI-KUI LIU, formerly with the Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Royal Institute of Technology     

Structural analysis of β-form poly(p-xylyene) starting from a high-resolution image

The crystal structure of β-form poly(p-xylylene) is analysed starting from a high-resolution image of a single crystal of this polymer. The high-resolution image corresponding to the projection of molecules onto the ab-plane along the chain axis shows clearly the mutual position of each molecule in a unit cell. The molecules are aligned wavily in the direction along the a-axis and the rough positions of their centres in a unit cell can be determined from the image. The refinement of the structure is carried out by the usual least-squares method using the intensities of electron and X-ray diffractions. The space group of the β-form is trigonal, P3, and the lattice dimensions are a=2.052 nm, c=0.655 nm and γ=120°. The unit cell contains 16 molecules and one of them is considered to occupy statistically one of three equivalent orientations so as to satisfy the P3 symmetry.     

Irrigation

This paper provides an overview of the main features of irrigation in Japan, and the issues it raises, rather than an exhaustive survey of the subject. The authors’ remarks concentrate on irrigation for rice cultivation, since irrigation for non‐paddy crops is not widely developed and claims a very minor share of the country's water resources. The main components of the water requirements of rice irrigation are identified, and then the composition and functions of farmers’ irrigation associations, or more correctly ‘land improvement districts’, are described.     

A Barium-Titanate-Ceramics Capacitive-Type EEG Electrode

A capacitive-type electrode using barium titanate ceramics is described. This electrode is not affected by the polarization potential. Because its surface is chemically inactive and mechanically strong, its noise voltage is minimum from the beginning of its installation. This device is especially suitable for EEG recording.