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51.
J Gálvez R García-Domenech C de Gregorio Alapont JV de Julián-Ortiz L Popa 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1996,14(5):272-276
BACKGROUND: There is no empirical data available on attitudes concerning AIDS and habits towards HIV infected patients of physicians in general or private practice. In this study results of a self-evaluation are presented. METHODS: 178 physicians working with out-patients in different medical fields were randomly selected for a cross sectional study and interviewed using a standardised questionnaire. RESULTS: 89% think that they are sufficiently informed about AIDS (in the USA 20%). They regarded the risk of infection to be lower than the Anglo-American physicians. They believed there is a lack of interchange of information between colleagues regarding the degree of infectiousness of referred patients. A third of the physicians fear that other patients will go elsewhere if they find out that their physician is treating AIDS patients. 54% would hold special clinic sessions for HIV-patients outside the normal schedule for practice times. 89% believed that HIV patients were partly to blame for their illness. CONCLUSIONS: Although the physicians recognise the problem of HIV-infection, they partly deny the real necessities and facts. A reason for this could be the emotions underlying the general attitude to everything pertaining to HIV-disease. Attitudes to HIV-disease and the dealing with it in daily practice must be considered on the basis of individual emotional motives. 相似文献
52.
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54.
Gonzalez A. Valero-Garcia M. Diaz de Cerio L. 《Parallel and Distributed Systems, IEEE Transactions on》1995,6(8):803-814
Many parallel algorithms use hypercubes as the communication topology among their processes. When such algorithms are executed on hypercube multicomputers the communication cost is kept minimum since processes can be allocated to processors in such a way that only communication between neighbor processors is required. However, the scalability of hypercube multicomputers is constrained by the fact that the interconnection cost-per-node increases with the total number of nodes. From scalability point of view, meshes and toruses are more interesting classes of interconnection topologies. This paper focuses on the execution of algorithms with hypercube communication topology on multicomputers with mesh or torus interconnection topologies. The proposed approach is based on looking at different embeddings of hypercube graphs onto mesh or torus graphs. The paper concentrates on toruses since an already known embedding, which is called standard embedding, is optimal for meshes. In this paper, an embedding of hypercubes onto toruses of any given dimension is proposed. This novel embedding is called xor embedding. The paper presents a set of performance figures for both the standard and the xor embeddings and shows that the latter outperforms the former for any torus. In addition, it is proven that for a one-dimensional torus (a ring) the xor embedding is optimal in the sense that it minimizes the execution time of a class of parallel algorithms with hypercube topology. This class of algorithms is frequently found in real applications, such as FFT and some class of sorting algorithms 相似文献
55.
Using high-NA step index optical fibers, we show, theoretically, that large-bandwidth second-harmonic generation and sum frequency generation can be achieved at conversion frequencies in the visible region of the spectrum 相似文献
56.
F van Rhee RM Szydlo J Hermans A Devergie F Frassoni W Arcese T de Witte HJ Kolb D Niederwiser N Jacobsen G Gahrton G Bandini E Carreras A Bacigalupo M Michallet T Ruutu J Reiffers JM Goldman J Apperley A Gratwohl 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1997,20(7):553-560
The purpose of this study was to determine the long-term results of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for chronic myeloid leukemia. A retrospective analysis was carried out of the outcome of 373 consecutive transplants performed at 38 European institutions between 1980 and 1988 and reported to the registry of the European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation. All transplants were carried out for first chronic phase of chronic myelogenous leukemia using unmanipulated marow cells from HLA-identical sibling donors. The probability of survival and leukemia-free survival at 8 years were 54% (95% CI: 49-59) and 47% (95% CI: 41-52) respectively. The probabilities of developing acute GVHD (II-IV) at 100 days and chronic GVHD at 4 years after transplant were 47% (95% CI: 41-53) and 52% (95% CI: 46-58) respectively. The probabilities of transplant-related mortality and leukemic relapse 8 years after BMT were 41% (95% CI: 36-48) and 19% (95% CI: 14-25), respectively. Transplant within 12 months of diagnosis was associated with reduced transplant-related mortality (34 vs 45%, P = 0.013) and resulted in improved leukemia-free survival (52 vs 44%, P = 0.03). The probability of relapse was significantly reduced in patients who developed chronic GVHD (RR = 0.33, P = 0.004). The probability of relapse occurring more than 2 years after transplant was increased more than five-fold in patients transplanted from a male donor (RR = 5.5, P = 0.006). Sixty-seven patients in hematologic remission were studied for residual disease by two-step RT/PCR for BCR-ABL mRNA and 61 (91%) tested negative. We conclude that bone marrow transplantation can induce long-term survival in approximately one-half of CML patients; the majority of survivors have no evidence of residual leukemia cells when studied by molecular techniques. The probability of late relapse is increased with use of a male donor. 相似文献
57.
This paper focus on some characteristics of the qualitative methodology. Some of these methods are explored such as: participatory research, phenomenology, grounded theory and ethnography critical theory Perspectives of their utilization in nursing research are examined. 相似文献
58.
Heterochromatin effects on the frequency and duration of LCR-mediated gene transcription 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
E Milot J Strouboulis T Trimborn M Wijgerde E de Boer A Langeveld K Tan-Un W Vergeer N Yannoutsos F Grosveld P Fraser 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1996,87(1):105-114
Organ transplantation is associated with an early bone loss that subsequently increases the risk of osteopenia and bone fractures. It is not known whether bone loss continues in long-term survivors, but persistent bone demineralization could further jeopardize an already diminished bone mass. To better define long-term bone status of kidney transplant recipients (KTR), we conducted cross-sectional and longitudinal evaluations of bone mineral density (BMD) in 70 KTR with a mean posttransplantation time of 8.1 years. BMD was determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and was repeated in 55 of the patients after a mean follow-up period of 22 +/- 5 months. Lumbar and femoral osteopenia, defined as a BMD lower than 2 standard deviations from mean value of sex- and age-matched controls, was present in 28.6% and 10.5% of patients, respectively. There was a significant negative correlation between cumulative prednisone dose and adjusted lumbar as well as femoral BMD (R = 0.45, P < 0.001 and R = 0.29, P < 0.05, respectively). Five patients had a vertebral BMD below a fracture threshold of 0.777 g/cm2. Vertebral fractures (VF) were found in four men and were associated with higher prednisone dosage (P < 0.05), larger cumulative prednisone dose (P < 0.05), and significantly lower BMD values. According to World Health Organization recent criteria for women, prevalences of lumbar and femoral osteopenia and lumbar and femoral osteoporosis in female patients reach 75%, 65%, 33%, and 10%, respectively. The longitudinal part of the study showed a persistent pathological lumbar demineralization process. Over the study period, BMD, expressed as a percentage of that of controls, decreased from 89 +/- 14% to 86 +/- 14% (P < 0.001). Annual change of bone mass was -1.7 +/- 2.8% per year. Accelerated vertebral bone loss (defined as a decrease of BMD, expressed as a percentage of that of controls, of more than 1% per year) was present in 56% of patients and was associated with higher prednisone dosage (P < 0.01). In conclusion, although VF are relatively infrequent in long-term survivors of renal transplantation, osteopenia is a frequent finding, and a substantial proportion of women present lumbar osteoporosis. An ongoing demineralization process of the spine is also demonstrated and probably contributes to long-term spinal osteoporosis incidence. Prednisone dosage remains the most constantly isolated risk factor. 相似文献
59.
M Pan J Suárez de Lezo A Medina M Romero E Hernández J Segura F Melian F Wangüemert M Landin F Benítez M Amat F Velasco A Torres 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1997,80(10):1336-1338
Two hundred twenty-eight patients with successful coronary stent implantation were randomized either to protamine administration and femoral sheath removal (group I, n = 117) or no heparin neutralization and delayed sheath removal (group II, n = 111). The hospital stay after treatment was shorter in patients receiving protamine; therefore, protamine use for neutralizing circulating heparin may be safely administered immediately after stent implantation. 相似文献
60.
MC Bueno Jayme Gallani RC Rodrigues Colombo E de Araújo Cintra S Brunelli Rigacci 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1996,4(2):179-199
The overall purpose of this study was to explore nurses' feelings about the applicability and adequacy of a pilot model of nursing assessment (PMNA) developed for coronary care units (CCU) in order to obtain data that could help in establishing a definitive model. The evaluation, performed by 11 CCU nurses, showed that they considered the development and implementation of PMNA as valuable, and that its design was adequate for interviewing cardiac patients. These results will be employed in the elaboration of a definitive model of nursing assessment. 相似文献