Study on electrical energy and prospective electricity generation from renewable sources in Australia

Nowadays renewable sources are being used as clean sources to generate electricity and to reduce the dependency on fossil fuels. The uses of renewable sources are being increased in electricity generation and contributed to reduce the greenhouse gas emission. The function of any electrical power system is to connect everyone sufficiently, clean electric power anywhere and anytime of the country. This can be achieved through a modern power system by integrating electrical energy from clean renewable sources into the nation's electric grid to enhance reliability, efficiency and security of the power system. The paper on the status of review the driving force of the generation of renewable energy and proposing electrical energy generation from renewable sources to be ensured at least 20% of total energy of Australia. This paper has been studied the existing electricity generation capacity of Australia from renewable and non-renewable sources. Optimal electricity generation from renewable sources has been examined. The environmental impact of electricity generation from renewable sources has been considered. Under this paper the yearly average wind data of past 20 years and above for some meteorological stations of Australia have been used. The prospective electricity generation from wind turbines and solar photovoltaic panels has been proposed in the paper that will increase electrical energy of the power grid of Australia. It was estimated the capital cost of prospective electricity generation farms from wind and solar PV sources.     

Reliability of a System Having Quasi-Redundancy

Reliability mathematical models of a certain type of system with a branching configuration, possessing quasi-redundant properties, are developed for the nonrepair environment. A simple system of this type is chosen as a vehicle to illustrate the method of approach when in a repair environment. To solve the simultaneous differential equations for such a system in a repair environment, analog computer simulation is found to be very suitable.     

In Situ Diffraction Study of Self-Recovery in Aluminum Titanate

Aluminum titanate (Al₂TiO₅) is an excellent refractory and thermal shock resistant material due to its relatively low-thermal expansion coefficient and high melting point. However, Al₂TiO₅ is only thermodynamically stable above 1280°C and undergoes a eutectoid decomposition to α-Al₂O₃ and TiO₂ (rutile) in the temperature range of 900°–1280°C. In this paper, we describe the use of high-temperature neutron diffraction to study the properties of self-recovery in Al₂TiO₅ when it is annealed at ≥1300°C in air. It is shown that the process of decomposition in Al₂TiO₅ is reversible and that self-recovery occurs readily when decomposed Al₂TiO₅ is reheated above 1300°C. It is further shown that the existence of a temperature range (900°–1280°C) in which Al₂TiO₅ is prone to decomposition can be explained by the competing dominance of self-recovery at ≥1280°C and decomposition at ≤1280°C.     

Photofermentation of malate for biohydrogen production— A modeling approach

A kinetic model for photofermentative biohydrogen production is developed in this study to predict the dynamics of the process. The proposed model contains 17 parameters to describe cell growth, substrate consumption, and hydrogen evolution as well as inhibition of the process by biomass, light intensity, and substrate. Batch experimental results from the literature were used to calibrate and validate the model with malic acid as a model substrate, using Rhodobacter sphaeroides as a model biomass. Temporal hydrogen evolution and cell growth predicted by the proposed model agreed well with the experimentally measured data obtained from four literature reports, with statistically significant correlation coefficients exceeding 0.9. Based on sensitivity analysis performed with the validated model, only six of the 17 parameters were found to be significant. Model simulations indicated that the range of optimal light intensity for maximum hydrogen yield from malate by R. sphaeroides was 150–250 W/m².