Effects of land use and changes in cover on the transformation and transportation of iron:A case study of the Sanjiang Plain,Northeast China

Wetland reclamation has been ongoing in the Sanjiang Plain since the mid-1950s,which has resulted in major changes in wetlands and the agriculture ecosystem in the region that have influenced the iron output to the Sea of Okhotsk and limited the primary productivity in the North Pacific Ocean.This study was conducted to investigate the chemical forms of iron in different aquatic environments(agricultural water including groundwater,paddy water,and canal water;wetland water including marsh water,marsh stream...     

Identification of Desirable Precursor Properties for Solution Precursor Plasma Spray

In solution precursor plasma spray chemical precursor solutions are injected into a standard plasma torch and the final material is formed and deposited in a single step. This process has several attractive features, including the ability to rapidly explore new compositions and to form amorphous and metastable phases from molecularly mixed precursors. Challenges include: (a) moderate deposition rates due to the need to evaporate the precursor solvent, (b) dealing on a case by case basis with precursor characteristics that influence the spray process (viscosity, endothermic and exothermic reactions, the sequence of physical states through which the precursor passes before attaining the final state, etc.). Desirable precursor properties were identified by comparing an effective precursor for yttria-stabilized zirconia with four less effective candidate precursors for MgO:Y₂O₃. The critical parameters identified were a lack of major endothermic events during precursor decomposition and highly dense resultant particles.     

Effect of pasture versus indoor feeding systems on quality characteristics,nutritional composition,and sensory and volatile properties of full-fat Cheddar cheese

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of pasture-based versus indoor total mixed ration (TMR) feeding systems on the chemical composition, quality characteristics, and sensory properties of full-fat Cheddar cheeses. Fifty-four multiparous and primiparous Friesian cows were divided into 3 groups (n = 18) for an entire lactation. Group 1 was housed indoors and fed a TMR diet of grass silage, maize silage, and concentrates; group 2 was maintained outdoors on perennial ryegrass only pasture (GRS); and group 3 was maintained outdoors on perennial ryegrass/white clover pasture (CLV). Full-fat Cheddar cheeses were manufactured in triplicate at pilot scale from each feeding system in September 2015 and were examined over a 270-d ripening period at 8°C. Pasture-derived feeding systems were shown to produce Cheddar cheeses yellower in color than that of TMR, which was positively correlated with increased cheese β-carotene content. Feeding system had a significant effect on the fatty acid composition of the cheeses. The nutritional composition of Cheddar cheese was improved through pasture-based feeding systems, with significantly lower thrombogenicity index scores and a greater than 2-fold increase in the concentration of vaccenic acid and the bioactive conjugated linoleic acid C18:2 cis-9,trans-11, whereas TMR-derived cheeses had significantly higher palmitic acid content. Fatty acid profiling of cheeses coupled with multivariate analysis showed clear separation of Cheddar cheeses derived from pasture-based diets (GRS or CLV) from that of a TMR system. Such alterations in the fatty acid profile resulted in pasture-derived cheeses having reduced hardness scores at room temperature. Feeding system and ripening time had a significant effect on the volatile profile of the Cheddar cheeses. Pasture-derived Cheddar cheeses had significantly higher concentrations of the hydrocarbon toluene, whereas TMR-derived cheese had significantly higher concentration of 2,3-butanediol. Ripening period resulted in significant alterations to cheese volatile profiles, with increases in acid-, alcohol-, aldehyde-, ester-, and terpene-based volatile compounds. This study has demonstrated the benefits of pasture-derived feeding systems for production of Cheddar cheeses with enhanced nutritional and rheological quality compared with a TMR feeding system.     

CONTROL OF CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES: III. FUZZY-BASED CONTROLLER

In this paper, a real-time fuzzy-based controller of construction activities is proposed. Because of the numerous uncertainties associated with construction activities, their control requires a different approach than the traditional feedback methods. These methods are essentially based on the knowledge of a transfer function that models the input/output relationships for the controlled system. For a highly complex and uncertain system such as a construction activity, a fuzzy-based control strategy was found to be a suitable and effective approach. The proposed control system is built in two main levels, the process and the activity levels. Each level comprises two main units, namely, the fuzzy controller and the self learning algorithm. The implementation of the control actions can be performed by either manipulating the states of the variables for the purpose of improving the process output, or changing the process behavior function for the same purpose. Practical examples are presented wherever possible to illustrate the proposed control strategy.     

Colloidal thiophosphorus calcium salt as antiwear additive

This paper describes the synthesis of an oil-soluble colloidal calcium thiophosphate by a direct route. It consists of the reaction of calcium oxide or hydroxide with tetraphosphorus decasulphide and water in the presence of a surfactant such as a calcium alkylaryl sulphonate in an organic medium. Reaction and micellisation occurred simultaneously according to a one-step process. The product is characterised by a high calcium, phosphorus and sulphur content. The colloidal nature of the product has been confirmed by dialysis. The ³¹P-NMR spectrum showed signals characteristic of a blend of different calcium thiophosphates, plus calcium phosphate. The product could be defined as a core of different calcium (thio)phosphates surrounded by a calcium alkylaryl sulphonate shell, according to a reverse micelle type association in oil. This compound was evaluated as an antiwear additive in a 130 Neutral Solvent mineral oil by anti-wear and extreme-pressure four-ball tests. The extreme-pressure characteristics depend on the concentration of mineral colloidal core in oil. The antiwear properties are a function not only of the concentration, but also of the colloidal core/surfactant shell ratio. Thermogravimetric analysis of these colloidal species shows a weight loss in the 350°C to 450°C range, due to surfactant degradation. The further evolution of weight loss up to 900°C demonstrates the high thermal stability of the colloidal calcium (thio)phosphate core.     

基于统计聚类RBF神经网络的孤立点检测研究

孤立点挖掘是数据挖掘的一个重要领域,而统计分析方法在孤立点检测中具有天然的优势。本文将统计聚类方法融入RBF神经网络,提出了一种基于统计聚类RBF神经网络的新的孤立点检测算法——SCRBF。该算法包括两部分,先用统计聚类方法对神经网络进行初始化,然后根据网络的训练情况进行隐单元的简化,提高了神经网络的泛化能力,同时也降低了过拟合现象的出现概率。与LSC算法的对比实验表明,该算法是有效的。     

微细铣削机床系统构建及微小型零件加工实验研究

研制了一台由直线电机运动平台、高速空气静压轴承电主轴和DMC-1842运动控制卡组成的三轴联动微细铣削机床,构建了基于IPC机和Windows操作系统的并行双CPU数控系统。以C#为开发语言,采用模块化设计方法开发了微细铣削控制软件,并设计了合理的人机界面。在三轴联动微细铣床上进行了微小型零件的加工实验,验证微细铣床数控系统的性能。结果证明数控系统的软硬件设计方案可以满足微细铣床加工的要求,验证了微细铣削加工技术的可行性和实用性。     

基于UML的企业组织建模方法

针对我国企业组织同时存在金字塔型、矩阵型和动态网络型结构的现状，采取基于基本组织单元的形式描述了上述三种组织结构，并提出基于统一建模语言的企业组织建模方法。采用该方法建立了企业组织的用例图、类图和顺序图，对企业组织系统的功能及动态、静态特性进行了较全面的描述。应用该方法和Visual C 对企业组织建模系统进行了设计开发。     

开环双波段人眼视网膜成像液晶自适应光学系统设计

设计了一套基于开环双波段模式的人眼视网膜成像液晶自适应光学系统。该光学系统分别采用夏克-哈特曼波前传感器和液晶空间光调制器来探测和校正波前畸变。探测波段采用830nm近红外光,成像波段采用790nm近红外光。采用开环模式以提高光能利用率和系统的稳定性,采用双波段模式以增大视场。新加入了瞳孔监控子系统和响应矩阵测量子系统,使系统更加灵活方便。介绍了系统的关键参数,并通过ZEMAX软件对光学系统进行模拟分析,认为系统可以达到接近衍射极限的效果。传递函数MTF@50lp/mm达到0.25(对应视网膜上3μm),满足设计要求。     

对我国电信超前消费现象的探讨

由于电信生产与电信消费同时进行的特点,电信业的超前发展往往容易引起电信超前消费。我国也存在电信超前消费的现象,并会对电信业的普遍服务、管制与决策乃至产业的持续发展产生一定的不利影响,这就要求采取适当的对策,克服不利影响,同时发挥电信超前发展对拉动电信业发展的积极作用。