综合先进技术的交通噪音评估(一)-以立体地理资讯系统为基础的区域噪音模型

为了解、组织及整理整个香港区域的道路交通噪音资料,从而确定、量化及分折交通噪音的严重性,再鉴定相关的噪音缓解措施,香港环境保护署综合了数种先进的技朮,包括地理信息系统、大型的电脑噪音模型、立体影像技朮等,自行开发了一套以立体地理资讯系统为基础的区域噪音模型。从这个系统和模型计算出来的交通噪音地图,加上利用地理信息系统軟件、人口分布的资料库和统计学方法的帮助,评估了整个城市总共有多少居民在那些区域受着多少交通噪音的影响。这些结果可以分析交通噪音的问题,继而决定未来噪音缓解设施及制定综合的计划,以应付这噪音问题。     

Thorough Research on Application of Embedded Web server in Video Surveillance System

Embedded web technique is one of the elements most used in Video Surveillance design. According to actual requests in Surveillance System, such as throughput and dependability, combined with new progresses in correlative researches, this thesis discusses application skills of Web Server in Surveillance System thoroughly, and implements as well. This thesis can supply special and effective instructive effects in all Surveillance Systems based on Embedded web technique.     

TIME OPERATOR IN QUANTUM MECHANICS AND SOME STOCHASTIC PROCESSES WITH LONG MEMORY

Time operator describes the lifetime of quantum irreversible processes on the level of statistical states. The existence, interpretation, and properties of time operator are discussed and the master equation is derived. Time operator exists also in other dynamical systems with mixing properties. Models of non-Markovian processes with long memory having a time operator are discussed.     

COMPARISON OF TWO ANALYTICAL METHODS FOR THE DETERMINATION OF AZAARENES IN ATMOSPHERIC PARTICULATE MATTER

In this paper, the development of an analytical method for the separation and quantification of 20 azaarenes is described. Two methods are compared: high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (HPLC-fluorescence) and gas chromatography with mass spectrometry detection (GC-MS).

Although HPLC-fluorescence was proven to be the most sensitive method, GC-MS was selected in particular for the efficiency of the separation of the 20 azaarenes. The detection limits of the HPLC-fluorescence and GC-MS methods varied between 0.04 μ g.L^?1 (dibenz[a,c]acridine) and 1.30 μ g.L ^?1 (acridine) and between 1.50 μ g.L ^?1 (benz[c]acridine) and 2.56 μ g.L ^?1 (dibenz[a,c]acridine) respectively.

The GC-MS method was applied to particulate matter (PM ₁₀ ) samples collected over 48–72 h periods between April 2006 and February 2007 in Strasbourg (East of France). Before analysis aerosol samples were Soxhlet extracted and concentrated to a final volume of about 1 mL of hexane.

The seasonally mean concentrations of all azaarenes for this urban site have shown a seasonal variation in which the maximum concentration occurred in the winter (6.0 ng.m ³ ) and the minimum in the summer (0.90 ng.m³). For all the seasons the 2 rings species were the predominant azaarenes while the > 4 rings species were the less abundant.     

Awareness of coeliac disease and the gluten status of ‘gluten‐free’ food obtained on request in catering outlets in Ireland

The only current effective treatment for coeliac disease (CD) is a lifelong diet that is as free from gluten as possible. This study provides baseline evidence to inform future interventions of benefit to CD sufferers by examining awareness of CD issues by food servers and preparation staff, assessing their claims to provide gluten‐free foods by analysis of a meal concurrently sampled. While the majority of attempts to purchase a ‘gluten‐free’ meal on request in restaurants were successful, some 10% of all samples contained gluten, 2.7% between 21 and 100 mg kg^?1, and 7.7% >100 mg kg^?1 and two unsatisfactory samples were purchased from so‐called coeliac‐friendly restaurants. These findings were consistent with those obtained previously by Collin et al. [Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics 19 (2004) 1277], Størsrud et al. [European Food Research & Technology 217 (2003) 481], Gélinas et al. [International Journal of Food Science & Technology 43 (2008) 1245] for cross contamination with gluten. Staff confidence, ‘gluten‐free’ notices, signs and menu choices were no guarantee of risk‐free dining for CD sufferers. Based on our findings we suggest the need for further training, specifically for chefs and managers.     

Learning directed probabilistic logical models: ordering-search versus structure-search

We discuss how to learn non-recursive directed probabilistic logical models from relational data. This problem has been tackled before by upgrading the structure-search algorithm initially proposed for Bayesian networks. In this paper we show how to upgrade another algorithm for learning Bayesian networks, namely ordering-search. For Bayesian networks, ordering-search was found to work better than structure-search. It is non-obvious that these results carry over to the relational case, however, since there ordering-search needs to be implemented quite differently. Hence, we perform an experimental comparison of these upgraded algorithms on four relational domains. We conclude that also in the relational case ordering-search is competitive with structure-search in terms of quality of the learned models, while ordering-search is significantly faster.     

THE VITREOUS STATE*

The difficulty of defining the vitreous state in a rigorous manner, the existence of many borderline cases, and the theoretical requirements which must be met if a substance is to be vitreous are discussed. Silicate glasses and certain other typical classes of vitreous substances are treated in some detail with especial reference to the relation between their structures and vitreous properties.     

Equipment selection and justification through total productivity model

Traditional methods of economic analysis to justify equipment selection and use are based on several methods such as the Net Present Value, Break-Even Analysis, Pay-Back Period, Return on Investment, among others. However, with the introduction of automation, Flexible Manufacturing Systems (FMS), and Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems (CIMS), such economic analyses have often resulted in decisions that management did not like to support but did not have much choice to avoid on account of pressure from manufacturing engineers, design engineers and others in the operations areas. The real problem of equipment selection and justification lies in the methodologies used.

This paper presents a unique approach to equipment justification by applying Sumanth's TOTAL PRODUCTIVITY MODEL, whereby the anticipated impact of the proposed equipment on profitability is assessed from the point of total productivity and the five partial productivities. Then, only if the equipment increases the total productivity level beyond its break even point, the equipment is selected or justified.

This method offers a non-traditional approach to justifying and selecting equipment in all types of environment. A numerical example is presented by using LOTUS 1-2-3^TM on an IBM PC. Advantages and limitations to this approach are discussed to provide a balanced perspective on the important issue of equipment selection and justification.     

Chemotaxis Disruption in Pratylenchus Scribneri by Tall Fescue Root Extracts and Alkaloids

Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) forms a symbiotic relationship with the clavicipitalean fungal endophyte Neotyphodium coenophialum. Endophyte-infected grass is tolerant to nematode, but the factors responsible are unknown. One objective of this work was to determine if root extracts of tall fescue effected chemoreceptor activity of Pratylenchus scribneri by using an in vitro chemoreception bioassay. Another objective was to determine if specific ergot alkaloids (ergovaline, ergotamine, a-ergocryptine, ergonovine), and loline alkaloids, all produced by the fungal endophyte, altered chemotaxis with this bioassay. Methanolic extract from roots altered chemotaxis activities in this nematode but only from roots of plants cultured 45 ≥ d, which repelled nematodes. Extracts prepared from noninfected grasses were attractants. This assay indicated that the alkaloids were either repellents or attractants. N-formylloline was an attractant at concentrations of 20 μg/ml and lower, while at higher concentrations it was a repellent. Ergovaline, the major ergot alkaloid produced by the endophyte, was repellent at both high and low concentrations and caused complete death of the nematodes.     

Vertically oriented nickel nanorod/carbon nanofiber core/shell structures synthesized by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition

Plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition, without a nickel-containing gaseous precursor, was used to synthesize continuous nickel (Ni) nanorods inside the hollow cavity of carbon nanofibers (CNFs), thus forming vertically aligned Ni/CNF core/shell structures. Scanning and transmission electron microscopic images indicate that the elongated Ni nanorods originate from the catalyst particles at the tips of the CNFs and that their formation is due to the effect of extrusion induced by the compressive force of the graphene layers during growth. Different from previous work, each vertically-aligned core/shell structure reported is totally isolated from its neighbors. Continuous Ni nanorods are found to separate into smaller ones with increasing growth time, which was ascribed to (i) the limited amount of Ni available in the tip of the CNF, (ii) the polycrystalline nature of the Ni nanorods and (iii) the combined effects of the compressive stresses on the side of the Ni nanorods and of the tensile stress along their axis.