Effects of annealing on propagation in ion-implanted contiguous-disk bubble devices

Bubble propagation margins are found to be affected by heat treatment in ion-implanted contiguous-disk devices fabricated on liquid-phase epitaxial (LPE) grown double-layer garnet films which support 1-μm bubbles. When an optical reflector is deposited directly on the driving layer interfacial diffusion takes place, and this raises the coercivity of the implanted layer, which in turn causes a severe degradation of propagation margins. In samples fabricated with optical reflectors isolated from the driving layer, the adverse effects of annealing on propagation margins are stronger in close-packed minor loops due to interaction of long-range charged walls as compared with isolated loops and isolated disks, and they cease to propagate bubbles after annealing in the temperature range of 350-400°C, whereas the loss of margins in the isolated loops and disks are typically less than 30 percent after 600-650°C annealing treatments. Stress gradients caused by the discontinuity in the overlay patterns contribute significantly to the increase of threshold drive field after anealing. The rapid degradation of propagation margins found after annealing in the temperature range of 350-400°C in all samples is caused by reordering of the damaged lattice.     

Computer generation of harmonic equihue color scales

Equihue color scales are among the simplest types of color harmonies. They are particularly suited to teach and study theories of harmony. Ordered color scales allow color coding and scientific visualization. Here we describe a teaching program that supports the study of equihue harmony. Methods for the generation of harmonies are presented, and the resulting aesthetic impressions are discussed.     

Electrochemical characterization of copper deposited on plasma and thermally modified titanium surfaces

Thin oxide films were grown at temperatures from 373 to 1073 K in plasma and in air on commercially pure titanium substrates. It was determined that the color, thickness, composition, phase, and polarization behavior in a copper electrolyte varied with operating conditions: temperature, oxygen partial pressure, and plasma composition. High-temperature and high oxygen partial pressure plasma produced a thick oxide film. The surface film structure transformed from TiO₂ (anatase) to TiO₂ (rutile) at a temperature of 600 °C. A lower oxide of the form Ti _n O_2n−1, such as Ti₂O₃ (which may be porous) or possibly Ti₃O₅, was formed on a thermally treated sample (400 °C, 80 mtorr O₂, 3 hours). This sample exhibited the lowest potential for copper nucleation and gave a very uniform, smooth, and hole-free copper foil.     

Aging in rhesus monkeys: Different windows on behavioral continuity and change.

Rhesus monkeys were observed longitudinally from 6 to 20 years of age, the period encompassing early to late adulthood in this species. Repeated-measures analyses of the monkeys' behavioral repertoire revealed 3 quite different pictures of the aging process. First, there were significant systematic changes in the levels of many categories of behavior with increasing age, although the direction and timing of change varied from category to category. Second, for most categories, individual differences among the monkeys were highly stable from early to late adulthood. Finally, there was remarkable consistency within individual behavioral profiles across the entire study such that each monkey retained its distinctive behavioral features (personality) throughout its adult years. Thus, aging in rhesus monkeys is characterized by both continuity and change. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Microwave-assisted extraction of phenolic antioxidant compounds from peanut skins

A microwave-assisted extraction system was used to extract phenolic antioxidants from peanut skins. The effects of microwave power (10%, 50%, 90% nominal), irradiation time (30, 90, 150 s) and sample mass (1.5, 2.5, 3.5 g) on total phenolic content (TPC), ORAC (oxygen radical absorbance capacity) level and resveratrol content of peanut skin extracts (PSE) were investigated. Peanut skins were extracted with 37.5 ml of 30% ethanol (EtOH) in water. A response surface method was used to estimate optimum extraction conditions, based on TPC, ORAC level and resveratrol content. The maximum predicted TPC, under the optimised conditions (90% microwave power, 30 s irradiation time and 1.5 g skins), was 143.6 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g skins. The highest ORAC value was 2789 μmol trolox equivalents (TE)/g skins, which occurred at 90% power, 150 s and 1.5 g of skins. Resveratrol was identified in PSE by LC–MS–MS analysis.     

加拿大萨斯喀彻温省Bakken组致密油生产特征及甜点分布预测

为对加拿大萨斯喀彻温省东南部Williston盆地中Bakken段致密油产区"甜点"进行预测,在大量生产数据分析基础上,根据致密油生产井产量与成藏要素间的定量关系,提出了一套识别潜在"甜点"的多元统计方法。在筛选和分析控制油气"甜点"地质要素的过程中,发现一些制约常规油气成藏的地质因素同样适用于中Bakken段致密油区,这些因素包括:(1)北东走向的Torqunay-Rocanville构造带可能是连接Williston盆地南部成熟烃源岩灶和研究区内Bakken组致密储集层之间的主要油气运移通道;(2)美国和加拿大边界Bakken段致密储集层中的油可能由当地局部成熟的Bakken组烃源岩提供;(3)正向构造有利于油气聚集;(4)顶部盖层和侧向封堵有利于油气的聚集与保存,从而增加单井产量;(5)单井最终可采储量方向变差函数的空间连续性方向与最大水平应力方向一致,水平井的走向对致密油的产量有实质影响。     

Consistent flavor naming predicts recognition memory in children and young adults

The relationship between flavor naming and recognition memory was evaluated in groups of children and young adults who either self-generated flavor names or chose flavor names from a list of four alternatives. The adults were more successful at naming and remembering the flavors, with the age differences in naming performance tending to be larger than differences in memory performance. Differences in recognition memory among the age groups were modest, ranging from 3% to 12%. Providing flavor labels improved naming accuracy, but not naming consistency or memory for younger children (4-7 years old). Labels improved naming accuracy and consistency for the older children (8-11 years old), and showed a trend toward improving memory. Labels improved naming accuracy, consistency and recognition memory in adults. Consistent naming was a powerful predictor of recognition memory for each age group and test condition. Consistently named flavors were remembered correctly on 88% of the trials while inconsistently named flavors showed no evidence of memory. It was concluded that flavor recognition memory and naming consistency were both rooted in successfully matching flavor percepts to a multi-dimensional flavor representation that includes semantic information.     

Native Mass Spectrometry for the Study of PROTAC GNE-987-Containing Ternary Complexes

PRO teolysis TA rgeting C himeras (PROTACs) promote the degradation, rather than inhibition, of a drug target as a mechanism for therapeutic treatment. Bifunctional PROTAC molecules allow simultaneous binding of both the target protein and an E3-Ubiquitin ligase, bringing the two proteins into close spatial proximity to allow ubiquitinylation and degradation of the target protein via the cell's endogenous protein degradation pathway. We utilized native mass spectrometry (MS) to study the ternary complexes promoted by the previously reported PROTAC GNE-987 between Brd4 bromodomains 1 and 2, and Von Hippel Lindeau E3-Ubiquitin Ligase. Native MS at high resolution allowed us to measure ternary complex formation as a function of PROTAC concentration to provide a measure of complex affinity and stability, whilst simultaneously measuring other intermediate protein species. Native MS provides a high-throughput, low sample consumption, direct screening method to measure ternary complexes for PROTAC development.     

Analyzing Social Media to Assess User Satisfaction with Transport for London’s Oyster

What items contribute to user satisfaction with large ubiquitous systems? This article reports on studies that seek answers to this question through the context of London Transport’s Oyster system. Two studies are presented. In the first, an existing quantitative instrument (End-User Computing Satisfaction, or EUCS), originally developed to evaluate satisfaction with mandatory use systems, is used to measure satisfaction through a small survey. In the second, Twitter data are used to demonstrate how broader items contribute to user satisfaction. The first study demonstrates that the EUCS constructs of Content, Accuracy, Format, Ease of use, and Timeliness are still statistically valid, although discriminant problems exist. However, the second study, the analysis of Twitter activity, reveals that Content and Format are not relevant to Oyster users, and that Accuracy and Timeliness are conceptualized very differently. Moreover, Ubiquity emerges as an important item contributing to satisfaction, or in some cases dissatisfaction.