大尺寸TFT-LCD电视的彩色和图像增强

最近几年,薄膜晶体管液晶显示器(TFT-LCD)技术取得了快速而显著的进步,其性能超过了PDP、CRT以及投影显示。毫无疑问,TFT-LCD已经成为高清电视应用的最佳实现方案。本文将介绍进一步增强大尺寸LCD电视的彩色和图像性能的技术。     

Novel multilayered Ti/TiN diffusion barrier for Al metallization

A novel, multilayered Ti/TiN diffusion barrier is proposed and successfully applied for Al metallization. The multilayered Ti/TiN structure is effective in enhancing the barrier properties since the very thin Ti layer inserted into titanium nitride (TiN) barrier can cause disruption of the TiN columnar growth and reduction of open grain boundaries resulting in retarded interdiffusion between metal and silicon. Multilayered Ti/TiN films are deposited sequentially by sputtering without breaking vacuum. It is found that TiN grain boundaries are discontinuous when a Ti layer is inserted into TiN. Multilayered Ti/TiN has a better barrier performance than single-layer TiN in Al metallization. However, the barrier performance is related to the number and thickness of the inserted Ti layers, because increasing titanium will enhance chemical reactions between Al and barrier layers, and produce more titanium-aluminum compounds. The total thickness of introduced Ti layers should be reduced to improve barrier performance.     

A qualitative energy-based unified representation for buildings

This paper presents the development of energy-based unified representations for buildings called Archi Bond Graphs and then specialises them as qualitative Archi Bond Graphs that combine graphical representations and qualitative equations. They can be applied to simulations of people behaviour and people-energy behaviour in space-people systems, building energy flows and building energy variations in different building energy systems, and energy interactions between these building subsystems. The applicability of qualitative Archi Bond Graphs is demonstrated through a building simulation for the dynamic energy interactions between the space-people system and building energy systems, including lighting system, and hydraulic system in a town-house design.     

Object-oriented development and application of a nonlinear structural analysis framework

This paper describes the framework and application of numerical simulation software on earthquake engineering research and practice. The analysis kernel is developed at the National Center for Research on Earthquake Engineering (NCREE) and is entitled as “Platform of Inelastic Structural Analysis for 3D systems (PISA3D)”. The design of PISA3D framework adopts the Design Pattern and the Unified Process. PISA3D provides structural modeling and high computational efficiency for engineers and researchers to simulate the responses of nonlinear systems under various kinds of load effects. It includes static or cyclic loads, displacements, earthquake ground accelerations, and earthquake aftershocks. PISA3D is easy to extend and maintain due to its object-oriented nature. Advanced users can derive or compose its objects’ libraries to perform different types of structural analyses. Based on object-oriented techniques, VISA3D (Visualization of Inelastic Structural Analysis for 3D systems) has been implemented with usage of OpenGL for 3D graphics and MFC for graphical user interface (GUI). Its framework allows further extension on new input formats and new element types. VISA3D has been mainly developed as a post-processor to examine the analytical results of PISA3D through 2D/3D static or dynamic graphic approaches. It includes graphical checking of the structural model, mode shapes, deformations, extents and locations of plastic hinges, plotting of nodal velocity, acceleration, and energy distribution time histories. This paper then introduces NCREE’s recent development on the pre-processing framework GISA3D (Graphical Interface of Inelastic Structural Analysis for 3D systems). The GISA3D does not only supply features as a “post-processor”, but also fully supports operations of “model generation” via mouse motion. Users can create, remove, modify and set elements/nodes through mouse clicking, dragging and selecting. Finally, this paper illustrates the networked sub-structural pseudo dynamic tests using PISA3D as the analysis engine, and concludes with several successful applications of PISA3D/VISA3D/GISA3D on various researches and actual structural engineering projects.     

Permeation of alkylbenzene isomers of molecular weight 120 through nitrile gloves

Factors determining the permeation of eight alkylbenzene isomers of molecular weight 120.19 (three ethyl toluenes, three trimethylbenzenes, and two propl benzenes) were investigated for a lined nitrile industrial type glove using an ASTM-type cell, liquid collection, and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The initial permeation rate P_i correlated inversely with the logarithm of the lag time t_l. The logarithm of the steady-state permeation rate P_s correlated inversely with the logarithm of the breakthrough time t_b. P_s/P_i for a given compound correlated directly with P_s and with t_l/t_b. P_i depended directly on the logarithm of the entropy of fusion divided by the square of the refractive index and divided by the solubility parameter. The t_b was inversely correlated to the logarithm of the water solubility. The logarithm of t_l was most directly correlated to the entropy of vaporization. High P_s for 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene, m-ethyltoluene, and p-ethyl toluene was linked to a common structural similarity to 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene relative to the unhindered geometry of the methyl group in the ethyl side chain. The existence of optimum radii of gyration for enhanced P_s and for long t_b suggested that the protective properties of nitrile followed discontinuous relationships rather than continuous ones and so are not explainable by correlative relationships of continuous functions. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Genetic Variation of Maize Hybrids in Grain Yield Response to Potassium and Inhibiting Nitrification

Nine maize hybrids were grown under five N levels with or without a nitrification inhibitor (nitrapyrin or an experimental inhibitor, XDE474) to evaluate the effect of inhibiting nitrification on grain yield performance and cannibalisation of nutrients from vegetative tissues during kernel maturation. Grain yield response of these hybrids also was evaluated under a paired combination of four N levels and two K levels. Hybrids responded differently to N, the form of N, and K treatments, and there appeared to be a genetic basis for preference of the form of N (ammonium versus nitrate nitrition). Crosses that involved the Mo17 family responded positively to inhibiting nitrification which provided a larger portion of the N in the ammonium form, but incorporation of early maturing genes reduced the positive response to ammonium nutrition. Like ammonium nutrition, maize hybrids showed a differential response to K treatments, and the availability of a large amount of K early in the growing season produced a negative effect on grain yield. The experimental nitrification inhibitor, XDE474, was more effective than nitrapyrin in increasing grain yield and minimising cannibalisation of nutrients in the leaf tissue.     

Self-assisted wound healing using piezoelectric and triboelectric nanogenerators

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An Innovative Customized Biomimetic Hydrogel for Drug Screening Application Potential: Biocompatibility and Cell Invasion Ability

The ability of Pluronic F127 (PF127) conjugated with tetrapeptide Gly-Arg-Gly-Asp (GRGD) as a sequence of Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) peptide to form the investigated potential hydrogel (hereafter referred to as 3DG bioformer (3BE)) to produce spheroid, biocompatibility, and cell invasion ability, was assessed in this study. The fibroblast cell line (NIH 3T3), osteoblast cell line (MG-63), and human breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) were cultured in the 3BE hydrogel and commercial product (Matrigel) for comparison. The morphology of spheroid formation was evaluated via optical microscopy. The cell viability was observed through cell counting Kit-8 assay, and cell invasion was investigated via Boyden chamber assay. Analytical results indicated that 3BE exhibited lower spheroid formation than Matrigel. However, the 3BE appeared biocompatible to NIH 3T3, MG-63, and MCF-7 cells. Moreover, cell invasion ability and cell survival rate after invasion through the 3BE was displayed to be comparable to Matrigel. Thus, these findings demonstrate that the 3BE hydrogel has a great potential as an alternative to a three-dimensional cell culture for drug screening applications.