Larger Stabilizing Particles Make Stronger Liquid Marble

Understanding the mechanical stability of granular‐armored liquid marbles is prerequisite for their applications including encapsulation, sensors, microreactions, and miniaturized liquid storage. Most liquid marbles are armored with agglomerated granular structure which complicates the wetting and interacting states of particles, hence, impeding one from understanding the effect of granular size on the mechanical stability of marbles. In this work, using a custom‐built platform to examine the liquid marbles armored by a single layer of uniform grains, it is revealed that larger microsized grains produce stronger liquid marble. This finding is attributed to the gravity‐induced capillary attraction which dominates the interaction of particles and provides additional tension to the granular network of the marble surface, which enhances the mechanical stability of marbles. In addition, different granular network structures are formed at the marble surface by using a binary mixture of monodisperse grains, and their effect on the mechanical stability of marbles is explored. The understandings offer important insights for application involving liquid marbles and provides guideline to formulate robust marble‐based products.     

桌面出版系统的网点扩大补偿措施

重点讨论桌面出版系统在制版阶段利用ＰｏｓｔＳｃｒｉｐｔ语言提供的变换函数功能以补偿网点扩大，并给出了照排机标定的一个实例。最后，还介绍了如何在图像处理软件内去补偿印刷阶段的网点扩大。     

Phosphate immobilization from aqueous solution by fly ashes in relation to their composition

Phosphate sorption capacities of 15 Chinese fly ashes were determined and related to their composition. The data of P sorption were best fitted to Langmuir equation, and the calculated sorption maxima of phosphate (Qm) ranged from 5.51 to 42.55 mg/g. The Qm value showed a significantly positive correlation with total Ca content (r=0.9836**) and total Fe content (r=0.8049**), but negative correlation with total Si and total Al content. Correlation coefficients of CaO (r=0.9647**) and CaSO4 (r=0.9399**) were much greater than that of CaCO3 (r=0.6361*). Correlation coefficients of Qm with Fe2O3d and Al2O3d were much higher than those of total Fe and total Al contents, respectively. Fractionation of P sorbed by fly ash revealed that loosely bound P fraction and/or Ca+Mg-P fraction were the dominant form of immobilized phosphate. Ca content was strongly correlated with the Ca+Mg-P fraction instead of Mg content, whereas Fe content was highly correlated with Fe-Al-P fraction compared with Al content. The loosely bound P was correlated well with both Ca and Fe content. The greatest removal of phosphate occurred at alkaline conditions for high calcium fly ash, at neutral pH levels for medium calcium fly ash, while low calcium fly ash immobilized little phosphate at all pH values. This behavior was explained by the reaction of phosphate with Ca and Fe related components. It was concluded that P immobilization by fly ash was governed by Ca ingredient (especially CaO and CaSO4) and Fe ingredient (especially Fe2O3d).     

Spherical SiO2 @ GdPO4: Eu3+ core-shell phosphors: sol-gel synthesis and characterization

Nanocrystalline GdPO4 : Eu3+ phosphor layers were coated on non-aggregated, monodisperse and spherical SiO2 particles by Pechini sol-gel method, resulting in the formation of core-shell structured SiO2 @ GdPO4 : Eu3+ particles. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), photoluminescence (PL), low-voltage cathodoluminescence (CL), time-resolved PL spectra and lifetimes were used to characterize the core-shell structured materials. Both XRD and FT-IR results indicate that GdPO4 layers have been successfully coated on the SiO2 particles, which can be further verified by the images of FESEM and TEM. Under UV light excitation, the SiO2 @ GdPO4 : Eu3+ phosphors show orange-red luminescence with Eu3+ 5D0-7F1 (593 nm) as the most prominent group. The PL excitation and emission spectra suggest that an energy transfer occurs from Gd3+ to Eu3+ in SiO2 @ GdPO4 : Eu3+ phosphors. The obtained core-shell phosphors have potential applications in FED and PDP devices.     

Compensation Scheme of Position Angle Errors of Permanent-Magnet Linear Motors

The position angle is very important in the current control of permanent-magnet linear motors (PMLMs), and its error affects the control precision of currents. However, the position angle is often not accurately detected because of faults in motor making, pulse loss of linear encoders, and so on. In order to precisely control the currents of PMLMs, a compensation scheme of position angle errors is proposed based on the mathematical relation between position angle errors and currents. In the scheme, a position angle error compensator is designed to compensate the position angles detected by linear encoders. Furthermore, a filter and a class of iteration learning algorithm are proposed to avoid the errors produced by detected phase currents and phase voltages. Simulation results show that position angle errors of PMLMs are fully compensated. Using the designed position angle error compensator, currents can be controlled in a more precise manner.     

Self-Assembled Peptide-Based Nanodrugs: Molecular Design,Synthesis, Functionalization,and Targeted Tumor Bioimaging and Biotherapy

Functional nanomaterials as nanodrugs based on the self-assembly of inorganics, polymers, and biomolecules have showed wide applications in biomedicine and tissue engineering. Ascribing to the unique biological, chemical, and physical properties of peptide molecules, peptide is used as an excellent precursor material for the synthesis of functional nanodrugs for highly effective cancer therapy. Herein, recent progress on the design, synthesis, functional regulation, and cancer bioimaging and biotherapy of peptide-based nanodrugs is summarized. For this aim, first molecular design and controllable synthesis of peptide nanodrugs with 0D to 3D structures are presented, and then the functional customization strategies for peptide nanodrugs are presented. Then, the applications of peptide-based nanodrugs in bioimaging, chemotherapy, photothermal therapy (PTT), and photodynamic therapy (PDT) are demonstrated and discussed in detail. Furthermore, peptide-based drugs in preclinical, clinical trials, and approved are briefly described. Finally, the challenges and potential solutions are pointed out on addressing the questions of this promising research topic. This comprehensive review can guide the motif design and functional regulation of peptide nanomaterials for facile synthesis of nanodrugs, and further promote their practical applications for diagnostics and therapy of diseases.     

Core/Shell ZnO/ZnS Nanoparticle Electron Transport Layers Enable Efficient All-Solution-Processed Perovskite Light-Emitting Diodes

Solution-processed perovskite-based light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) are promising candidates for low-cost, large-area displays, while severe deterioration of the perovskite light-emitting layer occurs during deposition of electron transport layers from solution in an issue. Herein, core/shell ZnO/ZnS nanoparticles as a solution-processed electron transport layer in PeLED based on quasi-2D PEA₂Cs_n−1Pb_nBr_3n+1 (PEA = phenylethylammonium) perovskite are employed. The deposition of ZnS shell mitigates trap states on ZnO core by anchoring sulfur to oxygen vacancies, and at the same time removes residual hydroxyl groups, which helps to suppress the interfacial trap-assisted non-radiative recombination and the deprotonation reaction between the perovskite layer and ZnO. The core/shell ZnO/ZnS nanoparticles show comparably high electron mobility to pristine ZnO nanoparticles, combined with the reduced energy barrier between the electron transport layer and the perovskite layer, improving the charge injection balance in PeLEDs. As a result, the optimized PeLEDs employing core/shell ZnO/ZnS nanoparticles as a solution-processed electron transport layer exhibit high peak luminance reaching 32 400 cd m⁻², external quantum efficiency of 10.3%, and 20-fold extended longevity as compared to the devices utilizing ZnO nanoparticles, which represents one of the highest overall performances for solution-processed PeLEDs.     

单面波浪平板脉动热管的传热性能

对一种单面波浪平板脉动热管的传热性能进行了实验研究,分析在空气强制对流冷却条件下充液率、加热功率、倾角等因素对其传热性能的影响。研究结果表明,除0°倾角外,脉动热管的最佳充液率为20%～30%,倾斜角度对脉动热管传热性能的影响很小,但90°时相对最好。脉动热管在0°放置时其传热性能较差,在低充液率的情况下甚至丧失脉动效果,主要是工质回流不畅的原因,与平板脉动热管的槽道设计有很大关系。此外低加热功率时热管传热性能存在波动,有时甚至不能启动。     

防空兵火控雷达综合抗干扰能力评估

对防空兵火控雷达面临的主要干扰及其所采取的主要抗干扰措施进行了分析,建立了防空兵火控雷达综合抗干扰能力评估模型,并对防空兵火控雷达综合抗干扰能力进行了评估。     

The role of enterocytes in gut dysfunction

Stem cells in the intestinal epithelium give rise to enterocytes, goblet cells, enteroendocrine cells, and Paneth cells. Each of these cell lines plays a role in cytoprotection of the intestinal mucosa. In particular, it has been demonstrated that mature enterocytes can act as antigen presenting cells. Parenteral and enteral nutrition are used to nourish critically ill patients. However, these regimens are unfortunately associated with gut atrophy. Glutamine, the preferred intestinal nutrient, reverses this gut atrophy and plays a key role in maintaining the barrier function of the gut. Specific nutrients (putrescine, spermidine, spermine) have been used to modulate intestinal adaption. In addition, ornithine has been shown to act as a regulator of intestinal adaption. In this review, we discuss the relationship between the biology of enterocytes and failure of the gut barrier.