Representativeness of clinical samples of youths with mental disorders: A preliminary population-based study.

In a household community sample of 1,285, 9–17 year-olds with mental disorders who had received outpatient specialty mental health services in the past year were compared with youths with mental disorders who had not received those services to determine if samples drawn from clinical settings are representative of youths with mental disorders in the general population. Those who had used services were more impaired, less competent, more likely to have comorbid disorders, more likely to belong to non-Hispanic White relative to other ethnic groups, and less likely to be prepubertal girls. Their parents were more educated, but less satisfied with family life, engaged in less monitoring of their children, and more likely to have used mental health services themselves. These findings suggest the hypothesis that samples of youths with mental disorders drawn from outpatient clinical settings are not representative of all youths with mental disorders. If confirmed, this would indicate the importance of population-based samples for the study of psychopathology in youths. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Closure of nasal septal perforations

Polymorphism of factor H (HF) was investigated in 1060 unrelated Japanese individuals using isoelectric focusing and immunoblotting. Besides 6 different HF types a null type and an unusual type were observed. The family analysis suggested the hereditary occurrence of a new variant allele HF*C. The population data fitted the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, assuming that the null allele HF*QO occurs commonly. The allele frequencies were HF*A = 0.407 +/- 0.011, HF*B = 0.491 +/- 0.011, HF*A1 = 0.011 +/- 0.002 and HF*QO = 0.091 +/- 0.006. The HF polymorphism in Japanese was shown to be controlled by the above 4 common alleles.     

Thermal conductivity of a mixture of helium and air

The thermal conductivity of a helium-air mixture was measured for molar concentrations from 0 to 100%.Translated from Inzhenerno-Fizicheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 38, No. 4, pp. 634–638, April, 1980.     

Treating fuzziness in subjective evaluation data

This paper proposes a technique to deal with fuzziness in subjective evaluation data, and applies it to principal component analysis and correspondence analysis. In the existing method, or techniques developed directly from it, fuzzy sets are defined from some standpoint on a data space, and the fuzzy parameters of the statistical model are identified with linear programming or the method of least squares. In this paper, we try to map the variation in evaluation data into the parameter space while preserving information as much as possible, and thereby define fuzzy sets in the parameter space. Clearly, it is possible to use the obtained fuzzy model to derive things like the principal component scores from the extension principle. However, with a fuzzy model which uses the extension principle, the possibility distribution spreads out as the explanatory variable values increase. This does not necessarily make sense for subjective evaluations, such as a 5-level evaluation, for instance. Instead of doing so, we propose a method for explicitly expressing the vagueness of evaluation, using certain quantities related to the eigenvalues of a matrix which specifies the fuzzy parameter spread. As a numerical example, we present an analysis of subjective evaluation data on local environments.     

Prototype of fault adaptive embedded software for large-scale real-time systems

This paper describes a comprehensive prototype of large-scale fault adaptive embedded software developed for the proposed Fermilab BTeV high energy physics experiment. Lightweight self-optimizing agents embedded within Level 1 of the prototype are responsible for proactive and reactive monitoring and mitigation based on specified layers of competence. The agents are self-protecting, detecting cascading failures using a distributed approach. Adaptive, reconfigurable, and mobile objects for reliablility are designed to be self-configuring to adapt automatically to dynamically changing environments. These objects provide a self-healing layer with the ability to discover, diagnose, and react to discontinuities in real-time processing. A generic modeling environment was developed to facilitate design and implementation of hardware resource specifications, application data flow, and failure mitigation strategies. Level 1 of the planned BTeV trigger system alone will consist of 2500 DSPs, so the number of components and intractable fault scenarios involved make it impossible to design an ‘expert system’ that applies traditional centralized mitigative strategies based on rules capturing every possible system state. Instead, a distributed reactive approach is implemented using the tools and methodologies developed by the Real-Time Embedded Systems group.     

Adversarial exploits of end-systems adaptation dynamics

Internet end-systems employ various adaptation mechanisms that enable them to respond adequately to legitimate requests in overload situations. Today, these mechanisms are incorporated in most scalable end-systems through the use of one or more component subsystems such as admission controllers, traffic shapers, content transcoders, QoS Controllers, and load balancers. While the design of these components has been heavily investigated and significantly fine-tuned for efficiency and scalability purposes, the security implication of the adaptation mechanisms used in these components has not been on the radar to system designers. To that end, this paper exposes adversarial exploits of the dynamics that result from the adaptive nature of these components. We show that a well orchestrated Reduction of Quality (RoQ) attack could induce significant inefficiencies or reduce the service quality of end-systems, without resorting to brute-force Denial-of-Service (DoS) exploits that target the limited steady-state capacity of these end-systems. We present a general analytical framework that captures the effect of RoQ exploits on the underlying optimization process of the adaptation mechanisms. Using detailed models, we instantiate this general framework for some of the aforementioned end-system adaptation mechanisms, focusing on admission controllers and load balancers. Our exposition is supported with numerical solutions of analytical models, which are validated using results from detailed simulations, and measurements from real Internet experiments performed in our lab.     

Highly Regioselective α‐Arylation of Coumarins via Palladium‐Catalyzed C?H Activation/Desulfitative Coupling

A novel regioselective α‐arylation of coumarins with readily available arenesulfonyl chlorides and sodium arenesulfinates via palladium‐catalyzed direct C H functionalizations under mild reaction conditions is described. This protocol presents an unexpected and highly regio‐controlled arylation of coumarins at C‐3 to construct interesting 3‐arylcoumarins with fascinating biological and fluorescent properties. The regioselectivity observed is in sharp contrast with that expected for the Heck reactions.

     

Synthesis of Polyelectrolyte and Studies of its Conductivity Changes with Respect to Molecular Weight

Aqueous solutions of acrylamide monomer were irradiated by γ-rays using a Co-60 source to synthesize polyacrylamide of different molecular weight (M_w). Solubility tests together with ultraviolet and infrared spectroscopic studies were performed for examining the irradiated samples to ensure that the prepared products were gradually converted from monomer to polymer (polyacrylamide), depending on the radiation dose. Various physico-chemical properties like polymer conversion, gel content, viscosity, and molecular weight of the products were determined. The conversion of polymer from monomer is initiated at a dose of 0.06 kGy and completed at about 0.14 kGy. The gel point, which indicates a dose for the onset of a network polymer structure, is identified to be 0.15 kGy providing valuable information about γ-ray synthesis of polyacrylamides. Viscosity and molecular weight are found to increase with radiation dose. Since polyacrylamides exhibit polyelectrolytic behavior in aqueous solutions, studies on conductivity changes of polyelectrolytes with respect to M_w, which is the main issue of this investigation, also were performed. The equivalent conductance of polyelectrolyte solutions was found to decrease with the molecular weight of the synthesized polymer. This change of conducting property of the prepared samples is explained based on the theory of polyelectrolyte solutions.     

基于CiteSpace的景观与城市微气候研究特征分析

自然河流经过人工水网重塑与城市产生紧密联系,促进了沿岸城市功能区域的生长,形成了以水为中心的具有独特风貌的沿岸景观。以六朝（222—589年）和明代（1368—1644年）的秦淮河水系为研究对象,通过图解分析梳理其沿岸景观的要素构成、分布特征,包括桥梁、里坊、市肆、楼馆、文教建筑等功能建置,皇家园林、私家园林、寺观园林等园林景观和表现公共景观的景观文化3个层面;通过比较分析探究其背后的形成原因,把握水城共生的互动关系,以期对“人与自然和谐共生”的生态文明建设、城市河流景观资源的可持续发展提供借鉴     

Synthesis and characterization of CLEA-lysozyme immobilized PS/PSMA nanofiber

Using 0.2% glutaraldehyde as the cross-linker, lysozyme was covalently immobilized onto electrospun polystyrene/poly(styrene-co-maleic anhydride) (PS/PSMA) nanofibers as cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEA). The lysozyme capacity of PS/PSMA nanofibers under optimal condition was 57.6 mg/g of nanofibers. Various parameters were used to evaluate the stability of the immobilized CLEA-lysozyme. Compared to free enzyme, the immobilized CLEA-lysozyme exhibited its optimal enzymatic activity at higher temperature and pH. The immobilized CLEA-lysozyme maintained more than 78% of its initial activity during 30 days of storage period. Additionally, the immobilized CLEA-lysozyme presented a high antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. The durability determinations of such nanofibers showed 90.3% retention of the initial lysozyme activity after 80 consecutive reuses, and 81.2% of bacteriostasis ratio after 10 cycles. The results of this study suggest that CLEA-lysozyme immobilized nanofiber which can stabilize its enzymatic activity through cross-linking immobilization can be beneficial for various antibacterial processes.