Synthesis of quaternized ammonium iodide‐containing conjugated polymer electrolytes and their application in dye‐sensitized solar cells

A series of conjugated polymer electrolytes (CPEs) comprising fluorene/carbazole or thiophene/carbazole backbones with quaternized ammonium iodide groups were synthesized and used in polymer solution and polymer gel electrolytes in dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The photovoltaic (PV) performances became markedly poorer with increasing CPE content for the DSSCs based on polymer solution electrolytes. However, the PV performances were not significantly affected with increasing CPE content for the DSSCs fabricated from poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)/CPE blend‐based gel‐type electrolytes. Moreover, higher PV efficiencies and stabilities were obtained for the DSSCs based on PEO/CPE blend gel electrolytes as compared to the DSSCs based on PEO gel electrolyte. The electrochemical impedance and PV properties of the DSSCs based on polymer solution electrolytes and on polymer gel electrolytes were determined as a function of the CPE concentration. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry     

Evaluation of microvasculature at the auditory midbrain–the benefits of sectioning at a tangential angle

Vascular remodeling in the brain occurs as a plastic change following neural over‐activity. The auditory midbrain (or inferior colliculus, IC) is an ideal place to study sound‐induced vascular changes because it is the brain's most vascularized structure and it is tonotopically organized. However, its micro‐vascular pattern remains poorly understood. Since the IC is a sphere‐like structure, the histological assessment of vasculature could depend on the angle of sectioning. Here, we studied the effects of cutting the IC at different angles on microvascular assessment, specifically: micro‐vascular density and the shape of microvascular lumen. Photomicrographs were taken from 5 µm toluidine blue‐stained histological sections obtained at two angles of sectioning: (a) the conventional coronal sectioning, and (b) a novel “tangential” sectioning (tangential to the dorso‐medial surface of the IC). Results showed that the tangential sections, in comparison with the coronal sections, yielded (a) a higher count of micro‐vascular density and (b) a higher proportion of round‐shaped micro‐vascular lumens. This discrepancy in results between two cut angles is likely related to the spatial pattern of blood vessels supplying the IC. We propose that the tangential sectioning should be adopted as standard for the accurate study of microvasculature in the IC. Microsc. Res. Tech. 78:105–110, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

The unidirectional glass fiber reinforced furfuryl alcohol for pultrusion. II. Correlation of processing parameters for optimizing the process

Unidirectional glass fiber reinforced furfuryl alcohol (FA) composites have been prepared by the pultrusion processes. The optimum processing parameters of the glass fiber reinforced FA composites by pultrusion has been studied. The effects of the optimum processing parameters on the properties (flexural strength, flexural modulus, notched Izod impact strength, glass transition temperature (T_g), dynamic shear storage modulus (E'), shrinkage ratio, and roughness) investigated including die temperature, pulling rate, postcure temperature and time, and filler type and content. Results show that the pultruded composites possessed various optimum pulling rates at different die temperatures. On the basis of the DSC diagram, the swelling ratio and the mechanical properties of pultruded composites, the optimum die temperature can be determined. The mechanical properties and T_g increase at a suitable postcure temperature and time. Furthermore, the properties which decrease due to the degradation of pultruded composites for a long postcure time will be discussed. The mechanical properties of pultruded composites reach a maximum value at various filler content corresponding to the talc and calcium carbonate, respectively, and then decreased. When the fillers are added to the pultruded glass fiber reinforced FA composites, the shrinkage ratio of composites become smaller, and the surface of composites became smooth. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011     

The coefficient of intrinsic dependence (feature selection using el CID)

Measuring the strength of dependence between two sets of random variables lies at the heart of many statistical problems, in particular, feature selection for pattern recognition. We believe that there are some basic desirable criteria for a measure of dependence not satisfied by many commonly employed measures, such as the correlation coefficient, Briefly stated, a measure of dependence should: (1) be model-free and invariant under monotone transformations of the marginals; (2) fully differentiate different levels of dependence; (3) be applicable to both continuous and categorical distributions; (4) should not have the dependence of X on Y be necessarily the same as the dependence of Y on X; (5) be readily estimated from data; and (6) be straightforwardly extended to multivariate distributions. The new measure of dependence introduced in this paper, called the coefficient of intrinsic dependence(CID), satisfies these criteria. The main motivating idea is that Y is strongly (weakly, resp.) dependent on X if and only if the conditional distribution of Y given X is significantly (mildly, resp.) different from the marginal distribution of Y. We measure the difference by the normalized integrated square difference distance so that the full range of dependence can be adequately reflected in the interval [0, 1]. The paper treats estimation of the CID, provides simulations and comparisons, and applies the CID to gene prediction and cancer classification based on gene-expression measurements from microarrays.     

Object - oriented databases for quality function deployment and Taguchi methods

In this paper, Object-Oriented Databases are proposed as being a new tool for Quality Function Deployment (QFD) and Taguchi Methods. Quality Function Deployment can help identify key product or process concerns with respect to customer requirements. Taguchi Methods, such as using Design of Experiments (DOE), can help identify what product or process relationships truly exist, their relative strengths and the nature of the relationship. In order to implement these two powerful quality control techniques for assuring that customer requirements are consistently met, a well organized information is required. Object-Oriented Databases are able to store, organize and manipulate both, the customer requirements and the product information for the performance of QFD and DOE.     

The decolorization and mineralization of acid orange 6 azo dye in aqueous solution by advanced oxidation processes: a comparative study

The comparison of different advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), i.e. ultraviolet (UV)/TiO(2), O(3), O(3)/UV, O(3)/UV/TiO(2), Fenton and electrocoagulation (EC), is of interest to determine the best removal performance for the destruction of the target compound in an Acid Orange 6 (AO6) solution, exploring the most efficient experimental conditions as well; on the other hand, the results may provide baseline information of the combination of different AOPs in treating industrial wastewater. The following conclusions can be drawn: (1) in the effects of individual and combined ozonation and photocatalytic UV irradiation, both O(3)/UV and O(3)/UV/TiO(2) processes exhibit remarkable TOC removal capability that can achieve a 65% removal efficiency at pH 7 and O(3) dose=45mg/L; (2) the optimum pH and ratio of [H(2)O(2)]/[Fe(2+)] found for the Fenton process, are pH 4 and [H(2)O(2)]/[Fe(2+)]=6.58. The optimum [H(2)O(2)] and [Fe(2+)] under the same HF value are 58.82 and 8.93mM, respectively; (3) the optimum applied voltage found in the EC experiment is 80V, and the initial pH will affect the AO6 and TOC removal rates in that acidic conditions may be favorable for a higher removal rate; (4) the AO6 decolorization rate ranking was obtained in the order of O(3)相似文献   

A new scheme for ID‐based cryptosystems and signatures

Abstract

This paper proposes a new ID‐based cryptographic scheme for implementing public‐key cryptosystems and signatures. Instead of generating and publishing a public key for each user, the ID‐based scheme permits each user to choose his name or network address as his public key. This eliminates the need of a large public‐file and the exchange of private or public keys. The major advantage of the ID‐based cryptosystems is that the number of users can be exteneded to t*L users without decreasing the system security when users conspire, where L is the number of the system's secrets and t is the number of factors in p ‐ 1.