用乳液法合成丙烯酸丁酯-甲基丙烯酸共聚胶乳

采用乳液聚合法合成了丙烯酸丁酯和甲基丙烯酸共聚胶乳,用红外光谱对胶乳的结构进行了表征,讨论了加料方式、水油体积比和引发剂与胶乳性能的关系。结果表明,聚合中分3次加料可使反应更平稳地进行;控制水油体积比在1.50左右更易于反应的控制,胶乳性能也较好;引发剂质量分数为0.2%~0.4%时反应体系稳定,胶乳中的单体残留量少,共聚胶乳的性能较好。     

ZnO微／纳米纤维的静电纺丝及其表征

以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)为络合剂与醋酸锌[Zn(CH3COO)2]反应制得前驱体溶液,用静电纺丝法制备了PVP／Zn(CH3COO)2纤维,经煅烧得到具有微孔结构的氧化锌(ZnO)微／纳米纤维。对所制备纤维分别采用差热-热重分析、红外光谱分析、X射线衍射分析、扫描电镜等手段进行了表征。结果表明: PVP/Zn(CH3COO)纤维表面光滑,直径约300-700 nm,经700℃煅烧后,可得到ZnO微／纳米纤维。     

利用均匀设计法研究钾钙肥中钾的溶出条件

采用均匀试验设计法研究pH值和振荡时间对钾钙肥中钾的溶出的影响,并对试验数据进行统计分析得到多元线性回归方程。利用回归方程确定了pH值和振荡时间对钾的溶出的影响,在试验次数较少的情况下结果令人满意。最佳条件为pH=0.00,振荡时间70 m in,钾的最大溶出值为6.33%。     

Highly moisture-proof polysilsesquioxane coating prepared via facile sol-gel process

A highly moisture-proof polysilsesquioxane coating was obtained from a new bis-silylated precursor, which was synthesized from 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) and m-xylylene diisocyanate (m-XDI) in tetrahydrofuran (THF) and verified by ¹H MAS NMR. For direct comparison purposes, an SiO₂ coating was also prepared by the Stöber method using tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) as the reactant. Interestingly, the coating obtained from the polysilsesquioxane sol exhibited a much higher moisture resistance capability than its counterpart, which was attributed to its more compact feature between nanoparticles as characterized by N₂ absorption experiment and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Furthermore, its high transparency of about 92% showed potential for application in the protection of optical crystals.     

pH‐ and temperature‐sensitive microfiltration membranes from blends of poly(vinylidene fluoride)‐graft‐poly(4‐vinylpyridine) and poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide)

The copolymer poly(vinylidene fluoride)‐graft‐poly(4‐vinylpyridine) (PVDF‐g‐P4VP) was prepared through the graft copolymerization of poly(vinylidene fluoride) with 4‐vinylpyridine. Through the blending of the PVDF‐g‐P4VP copolymer with poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAm) in an N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone solution, PVDF‐g‐P4VP/PNIPAm membranes were fabricated by phase inversion in aqueous media. Elemental analyses indicated that the blend concentration of PNIPAm in the blend membranes increased with an increase in the blend ratio used in the casting solution. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the membrane surface tended to corrugate at a low PNIPAm concentration and transformed into a smooth morphology at a high PNIPAm concentration. The surface morphology and pore size distribution of the microfiltration membranes could be regulated by the blend concentration of the casting solution, temperature, pH, and ionic strength of the coagulation bath. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed a significant enrichment of PNIPAm on the membrane surface. The flux of aqueous solutions through the blend membranes exhibited a pH‐ and temperature‐dependent behavior. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 4089–4097, 2006     

Preparation of porous poly(lactic acid)/Sio2 hybrid microspheres

With 3‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) as coupling agent, poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/SiO₂ hybrid material was prepared to produce poly(lactic acid)/SiO₂ hybrid microspheres (PLAHs) with porous structure bythe oil‐in‐water, single‐emulsion solvent evaporation method. Field scanning electron microscopy results show that the PLAHs were porous microspheres about 20 μm in diameter. The holes in the PLAHs opened outside and were not complicated. A nitrogen adsorption–desorption experiment showed that the nitrogen adsorbed in the holes was easily desorbed, and the specific surface area of the PLAHs was calculated to be 6.87 m²/g according to the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller equation. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy results show that PLA was amidated with APTES successfully and formed a kind of organic–inorganic hybrid material by hydrolysis and con‐condensation with tetraethoxysilane. Moreover, the molecular structure of the hybrid material was confirmed by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Differential scanning calorimetry results show that the melting point ofthe PLAHs was higher than that of PLA by about 11.2°C. These PLAHs may be used in the controlled release of drugs by the embedding of the drugs in the holes of the PLAHs, and the drug loading amount can be controlled by the size and number of holes in the PLAHs. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 679–683, 2006     

纳米NiO-YSZ复合粉体原位合成及电极微结构修饰

采用氨水沉淀原位合成法制备了NiO-YSZ(Y_2O_3稳定的ZrO_2)复合粉体,通过XRD、FESEM研究了溶液pH值对粉体性能的影响,并用干压法和丝网印刷法将氢电极分为支撑层(500 μm)、过渡层(20 μm)和功能层(10 μm)三层进行梯度化制备,采用YSZ/SDC双层电解质,通过共烧结技术将SDC(Sc掺杂CeO_2)(6 μm)作为YSZ(4 μm)电解质和Ba_0.5Sr_0.5Co_0.8Fe_0.2O_(3-δ)(BSCF,20 ìm)氧电极的隔离层.结果表明,合成NiO-YSZ复合粉体的最佳pH值为8.5,粉体呈泡沫状团聚,NiO的平均晶粒粒径为13 nm,产率为94.5%.850 ℃时制备的单体SOEC在70%、80%和90% 3种水蒸气含量的氢电极气氛下,电解池在1.5 V的产氢速率分别为266、381和558 N·mL/cm~2·h.在850 ℃、90%水蒸气含量的氢电极气氛下,以0.33 A/cm~2恒流电解1 h前、后的电解电压分别为1.09和1.16 V,电解池具备较好的稳定性.     

Ti_3AlC_2与Cu合金的电弧焊接

采用无焊料电弧焊方法对Ti_3AlC_2陶瓷与Cu(Mg)合金进行焊接.观察分析了接头组织结构和物相组成,测试了焊接试样的弯曲强度.结果表明,Ti_3AlC_2陶瓷和Cu(Mg)合金之间具有良好的可焊接性.在适当的焊接工艺下,接头具有典型显微结构:在靠近Cu(Mg)合金的区域,自生成的细小TiCx颗粒均匀弥散在Cu(Ti, Al, Mg)合金网络内;在靠近Ti_3AlC_2陶瓷的区域,形成TiC_x相与Cu(Ti, Al, Mg)合金相交替层叠的特殊结构.焊接试样的断裂发生在Ti_3AlC_2陶瓷部分,表明接头的抗弯强度高于被焊接的Ti_3AlC_2陶瓷材料.     

可聚合有机强酸/硫酸复合固化剂及其酚醛泡沫

将苯酚在适当过量的浓硫酸中磺化得到粗产物直接配制成可聚合有机强酸(苯酚磺酸)/硫酸复合固化剂用于酚醛树脂发泡,测定了不同n(苯酚)∶n(硫酸)下苯酚的磺化率、分析了粗产物的组成;研究了不同n(苯酚)∶n(硫酸)得到的粗产物配制的复合固化剂对酚醛泡沫体pH值及其结构与性能的影响。结果表明,可聚合有机强酸/硫酸复合固化剂在催化固化反应的同时,参与固化反应,以化学键连接在酚醛树脂中,减少了对基材腐蚀。泡沫体在保证基本性能的前提下,其pH值达到5.4。     

基于化学链技术制氢的研究进展

利用氢能替代常规化石能源是运输行业应对气候变化和环境污染问题的一个重要突破口。将化学链技术应用于制氢过程不仅可以提高能量转换效率、减少环境污染,还可以在制氢的同时捕捉该过程产生的CO2,具有广阔的发展前景。本文概述了化学链制氢的两种方式的原理及特点,总结了不同过程在载氧体的筛选、反应器的形式以及系统模拟方面的研究现状。指出高效载氧体的筛选和制备是各个过程成功运行的关键。化学链水蒸气重整制氢[CLR(s)]过程需要考虑管束的磨损问题,而自热化学链重整制氢[CLR(a)]过程需要注意过程中的反应热量平衡。廉价载氧体的筛选、固体燃料的化学链制氢及其系统开发是化学链制氢(CLH)过程未来研究方向。