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51.
Manfred Schulz Barbara Bach Michael Reinhardt 《Advanced Synthesis \u0026amp; Catalysis》1984,326(4):579-587
Reactions of the 2,6-Di-tert.-butyl-4-(N-tert.-butylnitrono)-phenoxyl Radical The title compound, a phenoxyl radical containing a nitrono group, reacts with alcohols and tert.-butylhydroperoxide yielding phenol and products of secondary radical solvent reactions. The reactions with lead tetraacetate, tert.-butoxy and 2-cyanoisopropyl radicals give high yields of cyclohexadienone adducts ( 6, 7 and 10 ) containing unchanged nitrono function. The reaction with dibenzoylperoxide, however, leads to the modification of the nitrono group yielding the N-benzoyloxycarboxamide ( 8 ). In the acidic decomposition of the tert.-butoxy radical adduct we suggest a nitrenium ion ( 16 ) as an intermediate. 相似文献
52.
Miriam Prez-Saldívar Graciela Ordoez Benjamín Pineda Julio Sotelo Adolfo Martínez-Palomo Jos Flores-Rivera Martha Espinosa-Cantellano 《International journal of molecular sciences》2022,23(1)
An association between varicella zoster virus (VZV) and multiple sclerosis (MS) has been reported in Mexican populations. The aim of this study was to compare the response of T cells from MS patients, during relapse and remission, to in vitro stimulation with VZV, adenovirus (AV) and Epstein–Barr virus (EBV). Proliferation and cytokine secretion of T cells from 29 relapsing-remitting MS patients and 38 healthy controls (HC) were analyzed by flow cytometry after stimulating with VZV, AV or EBV. IgG and IgM levels against VZV and EBV were quantified using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay. Relapsing MS patients showed a higher percentage of responding CD4+ and CD8+ T cells against VZV compared to AV. In HC and remitting MS patients, proliferation of CD4+ T cells was higher when stimulated with VZV as compared to EBV. Moreover, T cells isolated from remitting patients secreted predominantly Th1 cytokines when cell cultures were stimulated with VZV. Finally, high concentration of anti-VZV IgG was found in sera from patients and controls. The results support previous studies of an VZV-MS association in the particular population studied and provide additional information about the possible role of this virus in the pathogenesis of MS. 相似文献
53.
Izchel Figarola-Centurin Martha Escoto-Delgadillo Gracia Viviana Gonzlez-Enríquez Juan Ernesto Gutirrez-Sevilla Eduardo Vzquez-Valls Blanca Miriam Torres-Mendoza 《International journal of molecular sciences》2022,23(2)
HIV-Associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) is one of the major concerns since it persists in 40% of this population. Nowadays, HAND neuropathogenesis is considered to be caused by the infected cells that cross the brain–blood barrier and produce viral proteins that can be secreted and internalized into neurons leading to disruption of cellular processes. The evidence points to viral proteins such as Tat as the causal agent for neuronal alteration and thus HAND. The hallmarks in Tat-induced neurodegeneration are endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. Sirtuins (SIRTs) are NAD+-dependent deacetylases involved in mitochondria biogenesis, unfolded protein response, and intrinsic apoptosis pathway. Tat interaction with these deacetylases causes inhibition of SIRT1 and SIRT3. Studies revealed that SIRTs activation promotes neuroprotection in neurodegenerative diseases such Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease. Therefore, this review focuses on Tat-induced neurotoxicity mechanisms that involve SIRTs as key regulators and their modulation as a therapeutic strategy for tackling HAND and thereby improving the quality of life of people living with HIV. 相似文献
54.
Dr. Lukas Kröger Dr. Constantin G. Daniliuc Deeba Ensan Sebastian Borgert Dr. Christian Nienberg Miriam Lauwers Dr. Michaela Steinkrüger Prof. Joachim Jose Dr. Markus Pietsch Prof. Bernhard Wünsch 《ChemMedChem》2020,15(10):871-881
The serine/threonine kinase CK2 modulates the activity of more than 300 proteins and thus plays a crucial role in various physiological and pathophysiological processes including neurodegenerative disorders of the central nervous system and cancer. The enzymatic activity of CK2 is controlled by the equilibrium between the heterotetrameric holoenzyme CK2α2β2 and its monomeric subunits CK2α and CK2β. A series of analogues of W16 ((3aR,4S,10S,10aS)-4-{[(S)-4-benzyl-2-oxo-1,3-oxazolidin-3-yl]carbonyl}-10-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-4,5,10,10a-tetrahydrofuro[3,4-b]carbazole-1,3(3aH)-dione ((+)- 3 a )) was prepared in an one-pot, three-component Levy reaction. The stereochemistry of the tetracyclic compounds was analyzed. Additionally, the chemically labile anhydride structure of the furocarbazoles 3 was replaced by a more stable imide ( 9 ) and N-methylimide ( 10 ) substructure. The enantiomer (−)- 3 a (Ki=4.9 μM) of the lead compound (+)- 3 a (Ki=31 μM) showed a more than sixfold increased inhibition of the CK2α/CK2β interaction (protein-protein interaction inhibition, PPII) in a microscale thermophoresis (MST) assay. However, (−)- 3 a did not show an increased enzyme inhibition of the CK2α2β2 holoenzyme, the CK2α subunit or the mutated CK2α′ C336S subunit in the capillary electrophoresis assay. In the pyrrolocarbazole series, the imide (−)- 9 a (Ki=3.6 μM) and the N-methylimide (+)- 10 a (Ki=2.8 μM) represent the most promising inhibitors of the CK2α/CK2β interaction. However, neither compound could inhibit enzymatic activity. Unexpectedly, the racemic tetracyclic pyrrolocarbazole (±)- 12 , with a carboxy moiety in the 4-position, displays the highest CK2α/CK2β interaction inhibition (Ki=1.8 μM) of this series of compounds. 相似文献
55.
Umberto De Rossi Johannes Moll Monika Spieles Günther Bach Siegfried Dhne Jrg Kriwanek Maria Lisk 《Advanced Synthesis \u0026amp; Catalysis》1995,337(1):203-208
Cyanine dyes ( 1a–d ) with the 5,5′,6,6′-tetrachloro-1,1′-dialkyl-3,3′-di-(3-carboxypropyl)-benzimidocarbocyanine chromophore differing only in the chain length of their alkyl groups in 1,1′-position have been synthesized, spectroscopically characterized, and compared with 5,5′6,6′-tetrachloro-1,1′-diethyl-3,3′-di-(4-sulfobutyl)-benzimidocarbocyanine( TDBC ). In aqueous solution the dyes form J-aggregates which, depending on the alkyl group chain length, exhibit J-bands differing in spectral positions, bandwidth, and in the number of peaks. 相似文献
56.
Jun Jiang Chunhua Li Ralph H. Colby Miriam H. Rafailovich Jonathan C. Sokolov 《Polymer》2008,49(16):3561-3567
The high concentration triblock copolymer poly(ethylene oxide)99-poly(propylene oxide)69-poly(ethylene oxide)99 (Pluronic F127) aqueous solutions with the addition of different components commonly used in physiologically relevant applications were characterized by rheological measurements, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and small angle X-ray/neutron scattering. The sol-gel transition temperature, as well as the storage modulus of the F127 solution depend both on the concentration of polymer and of clay. Above the gel transition, the storage modulus of the solutions increased with clay concentration. Yield strain is independent of polymer and clay concentrations. Two different kinds of inorganic salts, sodium chloride (NaCl) and calcium chloride (CaCl2) were added into the polymer and polymer-clay solutions. The sol-gel transition temperature decreased noticeably, but the storage modulus decreased only a small amount with increasing concentration of inorganic salts. Addition of salts to polymer-clay solutions resulted in precipitation of the clays which decreased the modulus. No effect on the mechanical properties was observed with the addition of common serum proteins. However, addition of 0.5-10% glucose decreased the transition temperature between 3° and 7°, without significantly affecting the modulus. The depression of the transition temperature by glucose was similar to that found with salts and indicated that the mechanism, namely competition for water, may be similar. 相似文献
57.
Catechol oxidase from apple chloroplasts and browning of apple slices are strongly inhibited by the chloride anion. The inhibition is non-competitive and reversible. Inhibition is pH-dependent. being observed at pH 5.1 but not at pH 7.3. Activity could be extracted from the particles using CTAB. The extract's activity at the two pH could not be resolved into distinct fractions. The pH-dependence of inhibition is ascribed to a change in the tertiary structure of the enzyme. 相似文献
58.
Stephan W. Reinhold Thomas Scherl Benjamin Stölcker Tobias Bergler Ute Hoffmann Christian Weingart Miriam C. Banas Dmitrij Kollins Martin C. Kammerl Bernd Krüger Bernhard Kaess Bernhard K. Krämer Bernhard Banas 《Lipids》2013,48(2):167-175
Acute transplant rejection is the leading cause of graft loss in the first months after kidney transplantation. Lipoxygenase products mediate pro- and anti-inflammatory actions and thus we aimed to correlate the histological reports of renal transplant biopsies with urinary lipoxygenase products concentrations to evaluate their role as a diagnostic marker. This study included a total of 34 kidney transplant recipients: 17 with an acute transplant rejection and 17 controls. LTE4, LTB4, 12-HETE and 15-HETE concentrations were measured by enzyme immunoassay. Urinary lipoxygenase product concentrations were not significantly changed during an acute allograft rejection. Nevertheless, LTB4 concentrations correlated significantly with the body temperature (P ≤ 0.05) 3 months after transplantation, and 12- and 15-HETE concentrations correlated significantly with renal function (P ≤ 0.05) 2 weeks after transplantation. In conclusion, our data show a correlation for LTB4 with the body temperature 3 months after transplantation and urinary 12- and 15-HETE concentrations correlate positively with elevated serum creatinine concentrations but do not predict acute allograft rejection. 相似文献
59.
Beza?Negash?GetuEmail author J?rgen?Bach?Andersen 《Wireless Personal Communications》2004,30(1):27-61
The paper discusses the BER and spectral efficiency of different MIMO systems in random uncorrelated, correlated and deterministic environments, and more specifically uncorrelated and correlated Rayleigh and Ricean fading channels. It is known that the so-called MIMO eigenmode transmission assumes channel knowledge at the transmitter for pre-coding, whereas V-BLAST and STC do not assume the channel knowledge at the transmitter, instead they use it at the receiver for recovering the transmitted information. It is shown that for the same spectral efficiency, the BER performance of the MIMO eigenmode transmission outperforms MIMO systems like V-BLAST and STBC. In fully correlated random environment, transmitting through the largest eigenmode exploits the full transmitter-receiver array gain and diversity order, giving the maximal possible performance in terms of reducing the BER. In any of the scenarios, transmitting through the largest eigenmode gives better performance in terms of reducing the BER compared with STBC systems. Spatial multiplexing through the so-called eigensets (sets which consist of transmission modes with significant channel gain) outperforms systems like V-BLAST. In this context, adaptive modulation has been used to minimize the overall BER for a given spectral efficiency. 相似文献
60.
Nokia Miriam S.; Penttonen Markku; Korhonen Tapani; Wikgren Jan 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2009,123(3):631
The authors examined the relationship between hippocampal theta activity and trace eyeblink conditioning. Hippocampal electrophysiological local field potentials were recorded before, during, and after conditioning or explicitly unpaired training sessions in adult male New Zealand White rabbits. As expected, a high relative power of theta activity (theta ratio) in the hippocampus predicted faster acquisition of the conditioned response during trace conditioning but, contrary to previous results obtained using the delay paradigm, only in the initial stage of learning. The presentation of the conditioned stimulus overall elicited an increase in the hippocampal theta ratio. The theta ratio decreased in the unpaired group as a function of training, remained high throughout conditioning in the fast learners, and rapidly increased in the slow learners initially showing a low theta ratio. Our results indicate a reciprocal connection between the hippocampal oscillatory activity and associative learning. The hippocampal theta ratio seems to reflect changes and differences in the subjects’ alertness and responsiveness to external stimuli, which affect the rate of learning and are, in turn, affected by both conditioning and unpaired training. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献