Review of Psychotherapy after Kohut: A textbook of self psychology.

Reviews the book, Psychotherapy after Kohut: A textbook of self psychology by Ronald R. Lee and J. Colby Martin (see record 1991-98948-000). More than a decade since Kohut's death, the volume of writing in the field of self psychology continues to expand, testifying to the stimulating challenge of his theories not only to mental health professionals in all disciplines but to those in the humanities as well. The latest contribution, Psychotherapy after Kohut: A textbook of self psychology, is a welcome arrival. Each chapter opens with a paragraph outlining teaching goals and closes with a summary and suggested readings for the following chapter. Lee and Martin provide a review of classical Freudian theory, brief excerpts of the classic cases from which it was derived, the principal early controversies, and a new view of Ferenczi's contributions. Lee and Martin provide a thoughtful, carefully reasoned, and comprehensive synthesis of the work of those writers who in their opinion have enhanced and expanded the concepts of self psychology and those who deny the significance of self-psychological concepts for psychoanalysis or psychotherapy or seek to demonstrate that the ideas are not new. Informative and challenging, Psychotherapy after Kohut, with its integration and synthesis of many points of view, is a contribution to the field of textbooks. Readers will find much to inform and strengthen their understanding of psychotherapy after Kohut. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

"Interdomain transfer between isomorphic topics in algebra and physics": Correction to Bassok and Holyoak (1989).

Reports an error in "Interdomain transfer between isomorphic topics in algebra and physics" by Miriam Bassok and Keith J. Holyoak (Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 1989[Jan], Vol 15[1], 153-166). On page 157, parts of two sentences in the Results and Discussion section were omitted. The corrected sentences are provided in the erratum. (The following abstract of the original article appeared in record 1989-17879-001.) Three experiments examined transfer between 2 isomorphic subdomains of algebra and physics. The two areas were arithmetic-progression problems in algebra and constant-acceleration problems in physics. High school and college students who had learned one of these subtopics were presented with word problems that used either content from the domain they had originally studied or content based on the unfamiliar but analogous domain. Ss who had learned arithmetic progressions were very likely to spontaneously recognize that physics problems involving velocity and distance can be addressed using the same equations. Analysis of problem-solving protocols revealed that the recognition was immediate and that the solutions were a straightforward application of the algebraic method. Such recognition occurred even when the algebraic procedures were taught using example word problems all of which were drawn from a single content area (e.g., "money" problems). In contrast, Ss who had learned the physics topic almost never exhibited any detectable transfer to the isomorphic algebra problems. The results were interpreted in terms of content-free vs content-specific applicability conditions for mathematical procedures. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Transfer of domain-specific problem-solving procedures.

Two experiments examined transfer of mathematical problem-solving procedures learned in content-rich quantitative domains (e.g., physics, finance) to isomorphic algebra word problems dealing with other contents. In spite of content-specific embedding, many high school and college students exhibited spontaneous transfer when the variables in the learned and in the transfer problems represented similar types of quantities (e.g., speed and typing rate). Spontaneous transfer to structurally isomorphic problems with variables representing different types of quantities (e.g., speed and salary) was blocked. Protocol analyses showed that for matching quantities, transfer solutions were straightforward applications of the learned methods, whereas transfer to problems with nonmatching quantities demanded a hint for retrieval followed by an effortful process of abstraction and analogical mapping. The results suggest a complex interrelation between content and structure: Many features of the embedding content may be "screened out" as irrelevant, but content features used for interpretation of variables (e.g., intensive vs. extensive) may affect both access and use. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Emerging cyberinfrastructure: Challenges for the chemical process control community

This paper considers a broad, high-level overview of two key trends in “emerging cyberinfrastructure”: how it is nearing a tipping point of “information flow reversal” of data flowing from the periphery of the internet to the core (instead of the historic “download” model of data flow from the core to the periphery) and the coupling of all traditional infrastructures such as roads and power grids to cyberhubs with the incorporation of smart features such as sensors and actuators. In the language of the CPC community, the cyberinfrastructure for data flow is evolving from an isolated and simple open-loop system to a closed-loop system of complex inter-dependencies with all other infrastructures. This pathway will undoubtedly lead to one of the grand challenges of modern systems engineering, namely a system with a rich set of dynamics that presents a formidable challenge amenable only to those most skilled in the art and science of process control. The dramatic ramp up in societal investments in radio frequency identification (RFID), the emergence of a community investigating dynamic data-drive application systems (DDDAS) and mitigation of security risks engendered by cyberhubs linking critical infrastructures can all be reconsidered in this framework as part of a greater pattern.     

The effects oftrans fatty acids on fatty acyl Δ5 desaturation by human skin fibroblasts

The effectiveness of different fatty acids as inhibitors of fatty acyl Δ5 desaturation activity in human skin fibroblasts has been investigated. When incubated with 2.25 μM [¹⁴C] eicosatrienoate (20∶3ω6) in otherwise lipid-free medium, these cells rapidly incorporate the radiolabeled fatty acid into cellular glycerolipids and desaturate it to produce both [¹⁴C] arachidonate and [¹⁴C] docosatetraenoate. The Δ5 desaturation activity can be enhanced by prior growth of the cells without serum lipids. Elaidate (9t–18∶1) is a potent inhibitor of Δ5 desaturation whiletrans-vaccenate (11t–18∶1) is virtually without effect. Oleate and linoleate are only mildly inhibitory. Linoelaidate (9t, 12t–18∶2) is more inhibitory than linoleate but significantly less effective than elaidate. The effects of elaidate can be readily overcome by increasing the concentration of exogenous eicosatrienoate. Studies with a variety oftrans monounsaturates of differing chain lengths indicate that the ω9trans fatty acids are potent inhibitors of Δ5 desaturation, while ω7trans fatty acids are relatively ineffective. Intact human fibroblasts could thus be important in characterizing novel fatty acids as selective inhibitors of arachidonate synthesis in vivo.     

Usefulness of in-service training workshops for counselors.

Assessed the personal and professional outcomes of an in-service training workshop for 35 secondary school counselors (aged 21–53 yrs). Ss were assigned to 1 of 3 groups: control, intrapersonal self-control, or interpersonal encounter. Marked improvement was found in both workshops in Ss' ability to communicate empathically (e.g., Relationship Inventory), and gains were noted in various aspects of self-actualization (Personal Orientation Inventory). Progress was more striking among Ss in the self-control group, rather than the interpersonal sensitivity group. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

State variations in the newborn and mother–infant interaction during breast feeding: Some sex differences.

30 male and 33 female newborns were observed being breast-fed in the maternity ward. The conditional probabilities of various maternal and infant behaviors were studied when the infant was in 1 of 4 states: asleep, drowsy, fussy, and crying. Although male dyads showed more interactive activity on the asleep end of the scale, female dyads showed more interactive activity on the awake end of the scale. These interaction episodes were characterized by greater physical proximity in male dyads and more social interaction in female dyads. Although male neonates spent less time than females in the fussy state, when they were in this state, they seemed to be more agitated than the females. A relatively high proportion of simultaneous vocalization was observed in dyads of both sexes during the fussy state. Results are qualified by the great individual differences observed among the neonates in the amount of time spent in each of the states. (15 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Support for psychologists in the population and family planning areas.

Describes the sources (federal and private) and extent of financial support for population research, training, and services among psychologists. An analysis is provided of critical comments made by reviewers concerning behavioral–social science population research proposals. Discussion includes research design and measurement techniques. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Engineered Ferritin Nanoparticles for the Bioluminescence Tracking of Nanodrug Delivery in Cancer

The identification of a highly sensitive method to check the delivery of administered nanodrugs into the tumor cells is a crucial step of preclinical studies aimed to develop new nanoformulated cures, since it allows the real therapeutic potential of these devices to be forecast. In the present work, the ability of an H‐ferritin (HFn) nanocage, already investigated as a powerful tool for cancer therapy thanks to its ability to actively interact with the transferrin receptor 1, to act as an efficient probe for the monitoring of nanodrug delivery to tumors is demonstrated. The final formulation is a bioluminescent nanoparticle, where the luciferin probe is conjugated on nanoparticle surface by means of a disulfide containing linker (Luc‐linker@HFn) which is subjected to glutathione‐induced cyclization in tumor cell cytoplasm. The prolonged imaging of luciferase+ tumor models, demonstrated by an in vitro and an in vivo approach, associated with the prolonged release of luciferin into cancer cells by disulfide bridge reduction, clearly indicates the high efficiency of Luc‐linker@HFn for drug delivery to the tumor tissues.