A combined OFDM/SDMA approach

Two major technical challenges in the design of future broadband wireless networks are the impairments of the propagation channel and the need for spectral efficiency. To mitigate the channel impairments, orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) can be used, which transforms a frequency-selective channel in a set of frequency-flat channels. On the other hand, to achieve higher spectral efficiency, space division multiple access (SDMA) can be used, which reuses bandwidth by multiplexing signals based on their spatial signature. In this paper, we present a combined OFDM/SDMA approach that couples the capabilities of the two techniques to tackle both challenges at once. We propose four algorithms, ranging from a low-complexity linear minimum mean squared error (MMSE) solution to the optimal maximum likelihood (ML) detector. By applying per-carrier successive interference cancellation (pcSIC), initially proposed for DS-CDMA, and introducing selective state insertion (SI), we achieve a good tradeoff between performance and complexity. A case study demonstrates that, compared to the MMSE approach, our pcSIC-SI-OFDM/SDMA algorithm obtains a performance gain of 10 dB for a BER of 10^-3, while it is only three times more complex. On the other hand, it is two orders of magnitude less complex than the ML approach, for a performance penalty of only 2 dB     

Lattice strain and damage evolution of 9-12%Cr ferritic/martensitic steel during in situ tensile test by X-ray diffraction and small angle scattering

In situ X-ray diffraction and small angle scattering measurements during tensile tests were performed on 9-12% Cr ferritic/martensitic steels. The lattice strains in both particle and matrix phases, along two principal directions, were directly measured. The load transfer between particle and matrix was calculated based on matrix/particle elastic mismatch, matrix plasticity and interface decohesion. In addition, the void or damage evolution during the test was measured using small angle X-ray scattering. By combining stress and void evolution during deformation, the critical interfacial strength for void nucleation was determined, and compared with pre-existing void nucleation criteria. These comparisons show that models overestimate the measured critical strength, and require a larger particle size than measured to match the X-ray observations.     

学习实践科学发展观的思考

以上海市政工程设计研究总院为例,论述了与时俱进,增强科学发展需要解决的认识问题;分析了转变发展方式,谋求更大发展空间的工作重点;提出了加大政策引导和资源整合力度,抓好基层党建工作和企业文化建设的措施。     

Residual stress prediction of dissimilar metals welding at NPPs using support vector regression

Residual stresses are an important factor in the component integrity and life assessment of welded structures. In this paper, a support vector regression (SVR) method is presented to predict the residual stress for dissimilar metal welding according to various welding conditions. Dissimilar welding joint between nozzle and pipe is regarded in the analyses since it has been known to be highly susceptible to Primary Water Stress Corrosion Cracking (PWSCC) in the primary system of a nuclear power plant (NPP). The residual stress distributions are predicted along two straight paths of a weld zone: a pipe flow path on the inner weld surface and a path connecting two centers of the inner and outer surfaces of a weld zone of a pipe. Four SVR models are developed for four numerical data groups which are split according to the two end section constraints and the two prediction paths and the SVR models are optimized by a genetic algorithm. The SVR models are trained by using a data set prepared for training, optimized by using an optimization data set, and verified by using a test data set independent of the training data and the optimization data. It is known that the SVR models are sufficiently accurate to be used in the integrity evaluation by predicting the residual stress of dissimilar metal welding zones.     

Enhancement of turbulent jet diffusion flame blowout limits by annular counterflow

The effects of a proposed combustion technique, named as annular counterflow, on the enhancement of jet diffusion flame blowout limits were investigated by a series of experiments conducted for the present study. Annular counterflow was formed in a concentric annulus, in which fuel jet was ejected from a nozzle and air was sucked into an outer cylinder encompassing the nozzle. Three fuel nozzles and outer cylinders of different sizes were utilized to perform the experiments. Schlieren technique and normal video filming were employed for the visualization of diverse flame morphologies triggered by the said flow. Gas samplings were taken and scrutinized by the use of a gas chromatograph. Results showed that the blowout limits can be enhanced dramatically by an increase in volume flow rates of air‐suction. Mixing enhancement is achieved with frequent and strong outward ejection of fluids from the cold jet when this technique is applied. The blowout limits are further extended when the diameter of outer cylinders becomes smaller and/or that of the fuel nozzle becomes larger. The base widths of lifted flames were found to be narrower in the interim of annular counterflow application. The rates of increase in flame lift‐off heights and base widths along with an increase in fuel flow velocities become sluggish when the volume flow rates of air are increased. The amount of fuel that was sucked into the outer cylinder was found to be negligible and trivial. A model based on annular and coaxial jet was developed to predict the lifted flame base width and blowout limits. The coincidence between the prediction and experimental results unambiguously validates that the momentum of air‐suction dominates the beneficial effect. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

吉林省2000年特大旱灾成因浅析

本文根据2000年天文特点，通过列表，绘图等形式分析了2000年吉林省旱灾面积居全国之首的原因，并采用全国480多年实况来校核，同时建议应加强对旱灾分析预测，减灾对策研究的投资力度。     

Information systems for geomechanical monitoring in underground structures

Results of the development of a monitoring system for underground structures, which makes it possible to unite and utilize data bases intended for various purposes (geographic, geologic, ecologic), and also results of numerical modeling of the interaction between a structure and rock mass, and data derived from field measurements within the framework of the design of the geographic information system (GIS), are cited for a specific entity. Utilizing the GIS, fixing of the structure in space will make it possible to assess more graphically and informatively the condition of the structure, and the degree of its safety, as well as the influence that it exerts on the adjacent setting and surrounding geologic medium during its construction and service. Translated from Osnovaniya, Fundamenty i Mekhanika Gruntov, No. 6, pp. 2–5, November–December, 2008.     

金滩水电站综合自动化系统设计

文章对金滩水电站综合自动化系统设计的几个主要问题，包括系统硬件结构与配置、软件、保护监控系统主要功能、LCU开入、开出及模入设置、视频监视系统等的设计进行介绍。可供中小型水电站综合自动化系统设计参考。