住宅厨卫给排水设计标准化探讨

住宅厨房卫生间(以下简称住宅厨卫)是住宅的心脏,也是各种管线交错复杂、住宅厨卫设施集中设置的区域。本文在对住宅厨卫现状调研的基础上,结合作者从事住宅厨房卫生间多年研究的经验和体会,提出住宅厨房卫生间给排水管线综合设计与接口标准化的研究,该研究是解决目前厨房卫生间存在的众多问题的核心,是解决给排水管线接口及各种管线与相关设备的连接问题的关键。本文对厨房卫生间的冷、热水管道、排水管道等管线的布置形式和敷设方式提出了具体的建议,指出各专业管线应协调考虑、统一设计、集中敷设、隐蔽设置的观点,并给出了具体的设计原则、尺寸要求、安装应注意的问题等。同时本文对各专业管道及管道与设备之间的接口问题进行了深入的分析和研究,提出了管线综合设计及接口标准化的观点,将模数协调的概念纳入其中,提出了住宅厨房卫生间设备接口应满足配套性、通用性、互换性原则,以实现管线之间及管线与设备间接口标准化的目的。本文提出了住宅厨房卫生间给排水管线、接口的合理化设计的观点,为我国住宅建筑设计提供一定的参考价值,同时对推动我国住宅厨卫设备的标准化、产业化、系列化也具有一定的实际意义。     

浅议高层商住楼生活供水方式

本文对高层商住楼水泵—水箱联合供水、变频水泵机组供水以及管网叠压机组供水等三种常用的加压供水系统进行分析比较,就不同情况下如何选择供水方式提出建议,以供借鉴。     

基于城市生物多样性保护的园林绿地植物配植规划——以梧州市园林绿地规划为例

城市生物多样性保护对城市可持续发展具有重要意义。本文从园林绿地植物配植的角度出发,以梧州市园林绿地规划为例,分析园林绿地规划中植物配植体现植物多样性的方法,为城市植物多样性规划建设提供参考。     

《建筑机电设备开放式通信协议-Iope Net》研究（四）

本文综述了《建筑机电设备开放式通信协议研究——ioDeNet》项目的产生、研发、成果及应用推广的过程,并对其技术原理、实施方案、优越性、先进性、创新性及发展前景和计划进行了介绍。     

《建筑机电设备开放式通信协议--iopeNet》研究（三）

本文综述了《建筑机电设备开放式通信协议研究——iopeNet》项目的产生、研发、成果及应用推广的过程,并对其技术原理、实施方案、优越性、先进性、创新性及发展前景和计划进行了介绍。     

Maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene powder coated with epoxy resin: A novel reactive hot melt adhesive

A novel reactive hot melt adhesive was prepared by coating an epoxy resin on maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene (MAPE) powder. This adhesive had markedly improved adhesion power compared with pristine MAPE powder, which is normally used as a hot melt adhesive. The generation of an ester linkage by the reaction between the anhydride group of MAPE and the hydroxyl group of epoxy resin, during the bonding operation at 190°C with the pressure of 22 MPa for 30 min, was confirmed from the FTIR spectra. The bond strength was further improved by a small amount of 1‐methylimidazole, which accelerated the esterification reaction. When the epoxy resin was coated on hydrated MAPE, in which the anhydride group of MAPE was converted into carboxylic acid group by the reaction with water, the esterification reaction was much faster than that of pristine MAPE, and consequently, the bond strength of the adhesive was much higher than that of pristine MAPE coated with epoxy resin. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010     

Enhanced wear performance of nylon 6/organoclay nanocomposite by blending with a thermotropic liquid crystalline polymer

A new approach for improving the wear performances of nylon 6 (PA6)/clay nanocomposites was examined in this study. Two hybrid nanocomposites were prepared by melt blending a thermotropic liquid crystalline polymer (TLCP) and a well‐dispersed PA6/clay nanocomposite, but with and without the incorporation of maleic‐anhydride grafted polypropylene (MAPP) as compatibilizer. The addition of MAPP improved the compatibility between TLCP and matrix and thus enhanced the fibrillation of dispersed TLCP phase. Wear‐testing results revealed that the wear resistance of the compatibilized hybrid nanocomposite could be improved effectively, as indicated by the low values of specific wear rate and frictional coefficient, especially under high‐normal load (i.e., 80 N). Based on the characterization on the worn damage and the debris, it was suggested that abrasive wear was the main‐damage mechanism for all the materials under investigation, except for the compatibilized hybrid nanocomposite. For this system, the wear damage was caused by a combination of abrasive and adhesive wearing because of the formation of transfer film on the counter pin surface from the wear debris. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2010. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Heat flux profile of the furnace wall of a 300 MWe CFB boiler

It is important to properly understand and calculate the distributions of the heat flux and the heat transfer coefficient in a furnace for designing a circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boiler, especially for one with supercritical parameters. An experimental study of the heat transfer in a commercial 300 MWe CFB boiler was conducted in this work. The heat flux from the bed to the waterwall was measured by a heat flux meter at four different heights. The influence of suspension density and bed temperature was analyzed by measuring the pressure profile and temperature profile in the furnace. In addition a numerical modeling study on the two phase flow in the furnace was carried out. The results indicate that the density of the solids suspension was non-uniform in the cross section at a certain height, and decreased gradually with increasing furnace height. Consequently, the distribution of heat flux in the horizontal plane was non-uniform and decreased along the height of the furnace. The heat flux showed a decreasing trend near the center.     

Multiple effects of operating variables on heat transfer in three-phase slurry bubble columns

Characteristics of heat transfer were investigated in pressurized slurry bubble column reactors whose diameter was either 0.051, 0.076, 0.102 or 0.152 m (ID) and 1.5 m in height, respectively. Effects of gas velocity (U _G ), solid contents (S _C ), pressure (P), liquid viscosity (μ _L ) and column diameter (D) on the heat transfer coefficient (h) between the immersed vertical heater and the column were determined. Multiple effects such as UG and D, P and D, μ _L and D, and S _C and D on the value of heat transfer coefficient were discussed. Temperature fluctuations were also measured and analyzed by adapting chaos theory, which was used to explain the effects of operating variables on the heat transfer in the column. The heat transfer coefficient increased with increasing gas velocity, pressure or solid content in the slurry phase, but decreased with increasing liquid viscosity or column diameter. The decrease trend of h with increasing column diameter was somewhat sensitive when the gas velocity was relatively high (U _G ⩾12 cm/s). The effects of column diameter on the h value became almost linear when the operating pressure (P=4−10 kg _f /cm²), liquid viscosity (μ _L =20−38 mPa·s) or solid content in the slurry phase (S _C =10−20 wt%) was relatively high and gas velocity was relatively low, within these experimental conditions. The heat transfer coefficient was well correlated in terms of dimensionless groups as well as operating variables.     

化学品国际数据互认的发展趋势

近年来,由于REACH制度的实施,化学品贸易受到极大的限制。REACH制度要求进入欧盟的化学品必须进行注册,且注册出具的数据必须是欧盟认可的GLP实验室。而我国的化学品GLP管理规范才刚刚起步,与OECD组织的GLP规范还有一定差距。我国的化学品监督管理部门还需进行大量的工作,以推进化学品GLP的实施,并力求加入GLP MAD协议,推进国际安全性资料的互认。