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131.
The Impact of Zeta Potential and Physicochemical Properties of TiO2‐Based Nanocomposites on Their Biological Activity 下载免费PDF全文
Agnieszka Maria Jastrzębska Patrycja Kurtycz Andrzej Olszyna Ewa Karwowska Ewa Miaśkiewicz‐Pęska Monika Załęska‐Radziwiłł Nina Doskocz Dariusz Basiak 《International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology》2015,12(6):1157-1173
The aim of this research was to observe the relationship between zeta potential, morphology, surface area, porosity, chemical composition, and ecotoxicity of nanocomposite powders such as Au/TiO2, Ag2O/TiO2, PdO/TiO2, Ag/TiO2/SiO2, Ag/N(C)TiO2, and SiO2/TiO2 from which Ag2O/TiO2, Ag/N(C)/TiO2, and Ag/TiO2/SiO2 were exhibiting good antimicrobial properties. It was observed, that nanomaterials characterized by similar morphology and zeta potential revealed the similar toxic behavior. The samples of higher agglomeration and higher zeta potential, especially Ag/TiO2/SiO2 xerogel and TiO2/SiO2 aerogel were generally less ecotoxic to water organisms and plants. They were also not genotoxic in concentrations up to 500 and 250 mg/L, respectively. 相似文献
132.
Polymer/ceramic nanocomposites designed for application as electronic packaging were prepared using corotating twin‐screw extruder. The dielectric properties of the composites made from polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyphenylene sulfide, and barium titanate were studied as a function of BaTiO3 fraction in the range between 0.75 and 1.5 wt%. Processing parameters were optimized in order to obtain the nanocomposites with appropriate dielectric properties like dielectric permittivity ε′, dielectric losses ε″, and their temperature stability in a wide frequency range. The measurements showed the increase of the dielectric permittivity value ε′ in the composites in comparison to both pure polymers. The dielectric loss factor tgδ of the composites was found to be much smaller than that of the pure PET. The weak influence of the ceramics on the temperature stability of the dielectric properties of the composites was stated. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 50:1613–1619, 2010. © 2010 Society of Plastics Engineers 相似文献
133.
Monika Zab?ocka-Malicka Bart?omiej Ciechanowski Wies?aw Gawe? 《Electrochimica acta》2010,55(9):3409-3413
CsCl-NdCl3 is the next of binary MCl-NdCl3 systems (M: alkali metal) investigated for determination of relative internal mobilities of cations (bCs, bNd) by countercurrent electromigration method (Klemm's method). The results have been presented as isotherms of internal mobilities of Cs+ and Nd3+ ions on NdCl3 equivalent fraction (yNd). It has been found that internal mobility of cesium cations is higher than neodymium ones in the entire composition range (what is typical for nonsymmetrical MCl-LnCl3 systems (M: Li, Na, K; Ln: La, Nd, Dy)) and decreases with increase of NdCl3 concentration in the melt. Generally, dependence of internal mobility of lanthanide cations in melts with alkali metal chlorides on lanthanide (i.e. its atomic number and concentration) seems strongly related to stability of chloride complex anions of lanthanides in the melt. Investigated systems may be divided into two classes. The first class includes MCl-NdCl3 systems (M: Li, Na) characterized by decrease of bNd with increase of NdCl3 concentration. The second includes KCl-LnCl3 systems (Ln: La, Nd, Dy) and presented here CsCl-NdCl3 system, and is characterized by increase of bLn with concentration of Ln3+ cation. The dependence of bNd on NdCl3 concentration at 1073 K was fitted (as for other systems) by a simple equation of the form: , where is the internal mobility of Ln3+ cations in pure molten LnCl3, a the difference between internal mobility of Ln3+ cations in pure molten LnCl3 and infinitely diluted LnCl3 in molten alkali metal chloride (extrapolated), and yLnCl3 is the equivalent fraction of LnCl3. 相似文献
134.
Janicka M Kot-Wasik A Kot J Namieśnik J 《International journal of molecular sciences》2010,11(11):4631-4659
Isoprostanes (IsoPs) are key biomarkers for investigating the role of free radical generation in the pathogenesis of human disorders. To solve IsoPs-related problems with regard to isoprostanes, analytical tools are required. This paper reviews the problems and trends in this field focusing on the methodology for assaying biomarkers in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) samples. A large amount of work has been done in the qualitative and quantitative analysis of IsoPs, but a standardized method has yet to emerge. The methodologies described differ, either in the sample preparation steps or in the detection techniques, or both. Requiring a number of chromatographic steps, the relevant extraction and purification procedures are often critical and time-consuming, and they lead to a substantial loss of target compounds. Recent data show that EBC is a promising non-invasive tool for the evaluation of different diseases. Two main analytical approaches have been adopted for IsoPs measurement: immunological methods and mass spectrometry. The methodologies for the extraction, purification and analysis of IsoPs in EBC samples are presented. 相似文献
135.
Lithological and pedological influences on the magnetic susceptibility of soil: their consideration in magnetic pollution mapping 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Hanesch M Rantitsch G Hemetsberger S Scholger R 《The Science of the total environment》2007,382(2-3):351-363
Magnetic susceptibility measurements are widely used to map and monitor the heavy metal pollution of soils. However, the magnetic properties of soils are influenced significantly by the bedrock lithology and soil-forming processes. Therefore, a main challenge in the data interpretation is to filter out the anthropogenic pollution signal. In this study we address this problem by analysing susceptibility values, heavy metal concentrations, as well as pedological parameters in a large soil data set from the eastern segment of Austria, covering a wide range of different lithologies and soil types. The statistic assessment demonstrates an influence of lithology and soil type on the magnetic susceptibility signal. Therefore anomalies are defined in sub sets of different soil types separately. Three different methods were applied to detect susceptibility anomalies: the median absolute deviation method, the boxplot method, and the population modelling method. These methods evaluate topsoil data only and can therefore also be applied to field measurements of magnetic susceptibility. The results were compared to the conventional method of calculating the difference of topsoil and subsoil susceptibility. All three approaches identify the main anomalies in the study area and are successful in circumventing the problem of erroneous anomaly definition due to pedological processes. However, knowledge of the lithological background is still necessary for a meaningful interpretation and can only be substituted by a large amount of data. The tested methods lead to thresholds of different height and therefore act as filters of different strength for the definition of anomalies. 相似文献
136.
A novel method based on vacuum-assisted sorbent extraction (VASE) used with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) for isolation of volatile phenols was described. The method is based on extraction of analytes into sorbent traps (sorbent pen) filled with Tenax in a vacuum system—vials with traps from which air was evaluated. The method was applied for extraction of volatile phenols from aqueous matrix and smoked beer was used as a food example. Methyl-, dimethyl-, and trimethylphenols, along with 4-ethylphenol, 4-methylguaiacol, 4-ethylguaiacol, 4-propylguaiacol, and eugenol, were used in method development. Optimal extraction parameters were elaborated. For the analysis of volatile phenols in beer matrix, the method was characterized with satisfactory linearity (r2?≥?0.99) in a range of 0.005–0.5 mg/L. Limits of detection (LODs) for analyzed compounds ranged from 0.0006 to 0.018 mg/L and repeatability for majority of compounds was <?5% for a single trap extraction. The detected volatile phenols in beer samples ranged from 0.003 to 0.672 mg/L. 相似文献
137.
Tauer A Bender TO Fleischmann EH Niwa T Jörres A Pischetsrieder M 《Molecular nutrition & food research》2005,49(7):710-715
Conventional fluids for peritoneal dialysis (PD) contain reactive glucose degradation products (GDPs) as a result of glucose breakdown during heat-sterilization. GDPs in PD fluids (PDFs) have been associated with the progressive alteration of the peritoneal membrane during long-term PD by cytotoxic effects and formation of advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs). In this study, we investigated the possible fate of two characteristic GDPs, 3-deoxyglucosone (3-DG) and glyoxal, during PD. In vivo, 3-DG and glyoxal concentrations, which were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), decreased in PDFs by 78% and 88% during 4 h of dwell time. The PDFs were then incubated in vitro in the presence of the most important reaction partners of GDPs in the peritoneal cavity. Neither human peritoneal mesothelial cells, human peritoneal fibroblasts, soluble protein, an insoluble collagen surface, nor components of spent dialysate led to a significant reduction of 3-DG or glyoxal after 6 h. Only after long-term incubation, a noticeable decrease of 3-DG was observed (-37% after three weeks), more likely due to spontaneous degradation reaction than formation of advanced glycation endproducts. These results suggest that in the course of PD, 3-DG, and glyoxal are absorbed into the organism and thus might contribute to the systemic pool of reactive carbonyl compounds. 相似文献
138.
Wulff Possart Detlef Fanter Monika Bauer Andreas Hartwig Otto-Diedrich Hennemann 《The Journal of Adhesion》2013,89(1-4):261-263
FTIR reflection spectroscopy was used to characterize thin films of a cyanurate prepolymer on evaporated aluminium and on silicon single crystal wafers. Both substrates are covered by their native oxides. The optical function of the prepolymer is derived from ATR measurements. The measured thin film reflectance spectra have to be interpreted in comparison with the corresponding bulk spectra obtained by simulation. All samples re-produce the bulk composition. The cyanate groups of the prepolymer are not involved in specific intermolecular interactions or in preferential orientation. This is also found for the triazine rings on Si. On Al, however, a considerable excess of triazine rings are oriented parallel to the interface. The vibration frequencies of the triazine groupings that are perpendicular to the Al substrate show a red shift to some 2–8 c?1. This special interaction effect does not occur on Si. Both the preferential orientation and the specific inter-molecular interaction act at least 100 nm into the prepolymer layer. 相似文献
139.
V. G. Ponomareva I. N. Bagryantseva G. V. Lavrova N. K. Moroz 《Inorganic Materials》2014,50(7):716-722
A detailed investigation of the highly conductive Cs(H2PO4)1?x (HSO4) x (x = 0.15–0.3) proton electrolyte, its structural properties, and ageing behavior was carried out using X-ray diffraction, DSC, and impedance and NMR spectroscopy. The high conductivity of electrolytes (~2 × 10?2 S/cm) remains stable during long-term ageing at 180–200°C due to stabilization of the high temperature phase to lower temperatures. The room temperature 1H MAS NMR spectrum of (CsH2PO4)1?x (CsHSO4) x demonstrates the predominantly highly mobile protons present in these materials with the residual low-mobile protons, which agrees with the XRD data. According to XRD and 1H NMR data, the cubic phase of Cs(H2PO4)1 ? x (HSO4) x (x = 0.15–0.3) that stabilizes at room temperature gradually transforms to a low-temperature monoclinic one. The kinetics of the phase transformation for mixed salt depends markedly on the relative air humidity. A possible stabilization mechanism of the Cs(H2PO4)1 ? x (HSO4) x superionic phase with high proton mobility at low temperatures is discussed. 相似文献
140.