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941.
Adriano Pinto Mariano Caliane Bastos Borba Costa Dejanira de Franceschi de Angelis Francisco Maugeri Filho Daniel Ibraim Pires Atala Maria Regina Wolf Maciel Rubens Maciel Filho 《Chemical Engineering Research and Design》2010,88(5-6):562-571
Factorial design and response surface techniques were used in combination with mathematical modelling and computational simulation to optimise an innovative industrial bioprocess, the production of biobutanol employing the flash fermentation technology. A parametric analysis performed by means of a full factorial design at two levels determined the influence of operating variables on butanol yield and productivity. A second set of simulations were carried out based on the central composite rotatable design. This procedure generated simplified statistical models that describe butanol yield and productivity as functions of the significant operating variables. From these models, response surfaces were obtained and used to optimise the process. For a range of substrate concentration from 130 to 180 g/l, the optimum operating ranges ensure butanol productivity between 7.0 and 8.0 g/l h, butanol yield between 19 and 22%, substrate conversion above 90% and final butanol concentration around 25 g/l. 相似文献
942.
943.
Kali Kotsiou Maria Tasioula-Margari Alberto Fiore Vural Gökmen Vincenzo Fogliano 《European Food Research and Technology》2013,236(5):843-851
The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of oil type and oxidation status on acrylamide (AA) formation and colour development in potato products under domestic baking conditions. Sunflower, soybean and olive oil were used; the first one was thermally oxidized to obtain different oxidation status. A potato dough containing 10 % oil, potato powder, flour and water was shaped into thin discs and baked at 180 °C for different heating times. AA concentration, moisture content and surface colour were determined. Results obtained showed that neither the nature of lipids present, in terms of content of unsaturated fatty acids, nor the degree of fat oxidation influenced AA formation in low-fat baked potato products. Browning ratio higher than 45 % and moisture content lower than 17 % resulted in dark brown, almost burnt, products. Moreover, in those cases, no correlation could be found between those variables and AA content, since formation and degradation simultaneously occur. When the browning ratio ranged between 0 and 45 %, a good linear correlation with AA formation was observed, suggesting that the browning ratio may be considered as a reliable indicator of AA concentration. Finally, AA less than 1000 μg/kg, which is an indicative value that has been recently set for potato crisps by the European Commission, corresponds to a browning ratio of less than 8 % and moisture content more than 23.5 %. 相似文献
944.
Francisco J. Barba Maria J. Esteve Ana Frigola 《Food research international (Ottawa, Ont.)》2013,50(2):545-549
This study was carried out to investigate the impact of high pressure processing (HPP) at different pressure (200, 400 and 600 MPa) and treatment times (5, 9 and 15 min) on ascorbic acid, total phenolics, anthocyanin stability and total antioxidant capacity, were also studied at different physicochemical parameters such as pH, °Brix and color. HPP treatments resulted in more than 92% vitamin C retention at all treatment intensities. On the other hand, total phenolic content in the juice was increased, mainly after HPP at 200 MPa for all treatment times. The total and monomeric anthocyanin were similar or higher than the value estimated for the fresh juice being maximum at 400 MPa/15 min (16% increase). Antioxidant capacity values were not statistically different for treatments at 200 MPa for 5–15 min in comparison with fresh juice, however for 400 MPa/15 min and 600 MPa for all times (8–16% reduction), the lowest values were observed for total antioxidant capacity determined with TEAC method. No significant changes were observed in pH and °Brix. Color changes (a*, b*, L* and ΔE) were not visually noticeable for pressurized beverage for all pressures and times. 相似文献
945.
Ignacio Vieitez Camila da Silva Isabella Alckmin Gustavo R. Borges Fernanda C. Corazza J. Vladimir Oliveira Maria A. Grompone Iván Jachmanián 《Renewable Energy》2010,35(9):1976-1981
This work investigates and compares the reaction performance of soybean oil transesterification under supercritical methanol and ethanol, in a continuous catalyst-free process, as a cleaner alternative to conventional chemically catalyzed process. Reactions were performed in a tubular reactor, at 20 MPa, with oil to alcohol ratio of 1:40, varying the temperature in the range from 250 °C to 350 °C, and at two levels of water concentrations, 0 and 10 wt%. Although both processes proceeded with a relatively high reaction rate, conversion achieved by methanolysis was higher than that obtained by ethanolysis. Water positively affected both process: higher ester content and triacylglycerols depletion occurred when 10 wt% water was used compared with anhydrous conditions. Temperature increase favored the conversion of soybean oil to the corresponding methyl or ethyl esters, although temperatures above 300 °C increased the fatty acid degradation degree, a phenomenon responsible for the low ester contents obtained at the highest temperatures and lowest flow rates studied. 相似文献
946.
Maria J. Ferreira Manuel F. Almeida Fernanda Freitas 《Polymer Engineering and Science》2011,51(7):1418-1427
Residues from footwear roughing and carding operations represent 5–15% (w/w) of the solid wastes generated by shoe‐making companies. These wastes are mainly composed by chromium tanned leather and sole materials, and are mostly land filled. Sometimes leaching tests show these wastes as hazardous due to chromium in the leachate. This work aims at a more sustainable option for these wastes by recycling them in styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) and acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBR). Thus, they were charged with: (i) ≤1 mm leather waste fibers in the range of 10–25 parts per hundred parts of rubber (phr); and (ii) leather and soles industrial carding and roughing wastes in the range of 20–100 phr. The leather waste fibers‐rubber composites tear strength is increased till 25 phr and both tension and elongation at break decrease within the acceptable range till 12.5 phr for SBR and 15 phr for NBR. In the case of leather and sole carding and roughing wastes, composites tear strength increases till 100 phr, and tension and elongation decrease within the acceptable range till 20 phr. The composite materials at the end of their life cycle may be considered inert or non‐hazardous wastes. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2011. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers 相似文献
947.
Moacir Fernandes Ferreira Júnior Elaine Angélica Ribeiro Mundim Guimes Rodrigues Filho Carla da Silva Meireles Daniel Alves Cerqueira Rosana Maria Nascimento de Assunção Marcos Marcolin Mara Zeni 《Polymer Bulletin》2011,66(3):377-389
Cellulose, obtained both from sugarcane bagasse and mango seeds, was used for synthesizing cellulose acetate in order to produce
asymmetric membranes. These were compared to membranes of commercial cellulose acetate (Rhodia). All produced membranes were
asymmetric, characterized by the presence of a dense skin and a porous support. Differences regarding the morphology of the
surfaces as well as of the porous support can be noticed. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) showed that the morphology of
the superficial layer, responsible for transport, depends on the different lignin content of the starting material and also
on the viscosity average molecular weight of the cellulose acetates produced from sugarcane bagasse, mango seed, and Rhodia’s
commercial cellulose acetate. 相似文献
948.
Marcelo A. V. Souza Luiz Claudio de Santa Maria Marcos A. S. Costa Wang S. Hui Luciana C. Costa Hiram C. Araujo Filho Sandro C. Amico 《Polymer Bulletin》2011,67(2):237-249
Phosphinic-derivative poly(styrene-co-divinylbenzene)-based on PS–DVB copolymers with different porosity degrees have been
prepared by aromatic electrophilic substitution reaction using PCl3/AlCl3 followed by base-promoted hydrolysis. The phosphorylation reaction was analyzed by infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning
electron microscopy (SEM), and thermogravimetry (TG/DTG). In addition, the phosphorous content of the phosphorylated copolymers
was determined by spectrophotometry using the method based on sodium molybdate reactant so that the extension of that modification
could be assessed. The performance of the phosphorylated resins in the extraction of Pb2+ from aqueous solutions in a batch system was also evaluated. The Pb2+ content was determined by atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). These materials presented excellent extraction capacity under
the contact time of 30 min and pH 6. 相似文献
949.
The effects of sonication time, nitrogen, N2(g), increasing temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) concentrations on the sonodegradation of polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in petrochemical wastewaters were investigated. Sonication alone without N2(g), DO and TiO2 provided 80% maximum PAH yields at 2 5°C after 150 min. This PAH yield increased to 89–95% at 60 °C after 150 min sonication. The contribution of DO, N2(g) and TiO2 on the PAH removal was not significant compared to the control. In the presence of HCO3 ?, the degradation of hydrophobic PAH dibenz[a,h]anthracene (DahA)was suppressed in the acceleration step of the sonication. Maximum acute toxicity removal was reached by 30 min N2(g) sparging, 4 mg/L DO and by 0.1 mg/L TiO2 after 150 min sonication. 相似文献
950.