Nanoscale patterning of Zr-Al-Cu-Ni metallic glass thin films deposited by magnetron sputtering

Completely glassy thin films of Zr-Al-Cu-Ni exhibiting a large super-cooled liquid region (deltaTx = 95 K), very smooth surface (Ra = 0.65 nm), and an extremely high value of Vicker's hardness (Hv = 940), as compared to bulk Zr-Al-Cu-Ni metallic glass, were deposited by radiofrequency magnetron sputtering. Nanoscale patterning ability of Zr-Al-Cu-Ni metallic glass thin films was demonstrated by a focused ion beam etching. The capability to write nanometer-scale patterns (line width approximately 12 nm) opens up a variety of possibilities for fabricating nanomolds for imprint lithography, and a wide range of two- or three-dimensional components for future nanoelectromechanical systems.     

Nano-devitrification of glassy alloys

This overview paper summarizes a large number of data connected with nano-devitrification of metallic glassy and amorphous alloys on heating which form nanoscale crystalline or quasicrystalline particles. In some alloys this effect leads to formation of the nanocomposites with enhanced mechanical properties compared to fully glassy and crystalline alloys.     

Application of E-beam recrystallization to three-layer imageprocessor fabrication

E-beam recrystallization has been applied to the fabrication of a three-layer processor. The seed structure and the E-beam conditions were successfully optimized so that a large-area SOI as wide as 1 mm was recrystallized without void generation with no damage to underlying devices. The actual SOI area in the device, 850×1100 μm, was recrystallized with one E-beam scan by aligning its position. The three-layer image processor was capable of visual image sensing with a feature outline extraction in a parallel processing manner. Normal operations of the fundamental functions have been confirmed, demonstrating the feasibility of E-beam recrystallization for three-dimensional IC application     

Anomalous X-ray scattering study of amorphous and icosahedral Al75Cu15V10 alloys

Atomic structures of amorphous and icosahedral Al₇₅Cu₁₅V₁₀ alloys were precisely examined by the ordinary and anomalous X-ray diffraction techniques. Some distinct features of intensity profiles, and coordination numbers and interatomic distances determined from the RDF analysis, indicate the presence of the icosahedral short-range ordering clusters in the as-quenched amorphous sample and other annealed amorphous samples, which are similar to the basic atomic structure constructing the icosahedral phase. The intensity differences of the amorphous and icosahedral phases obtained in the anomalous X-ray scattering (AXS) at the CuK-absorption edge suggest that copper atoms are homogeneously dispersed in the icosahedral short-range ordering clusters.     

Hemodynamics in sepsis: its relationship to pulmonary complication

Serial clinical observations and hemodynamic measurements were made on seventeen patients with sepsis and ten control cases. Control patients were slightly hypovolemic immediately after operation. In the eleven high flow patients, that is, those with the initial cardiac index higher than 3.0 liters/min/m(2), we observed characteristic hemodynamics with lowered vascular resistance, higher cardiac output and hypotension. The anomalous vascular resistance began to return to normal approximately 48 hr after operation. In three cases pulmonary complication developed at this time and therefore pulmonary artery pressure and/or pulmonary wedge pressure exceeded the normal range. In these cases treatment was aimed at lowering the pulmonary pressure. Pulmonary complication was improved when these pressures returned within normal range. In the seven low flow patients, that is, those with cardiac index lower than 2.9 liters/min/m(2), we observed decreased cardiac index with increased systemic and pulmonary vascular resistance. In these cases pulmonary complication appeared to develop by increased permeability of the pulmonary capillary wall. Elevated pulmonary artery pressure might accelerate the progress of the complication. Monitoring and controlling pulmonary artery pressure and pulmonary wedge pressure were effective in prevention and treatment of pulmonary complication in this group.     

Condensation heat transfer of R410A inside internally grooved horizontal tubes

Heat transfer coefficients were measured for the condensation of R410A and R22 inside internally grooved horizontal tubes. The experiment was performed for five different kinds of internally grooved tubes of about 8.00 mm o.d. the shapes of which were conventional helical grooved and herring-bone grooved ones. To measure the local heat transfer coefficients, the test section was subdivided into 10 small sections having 1 m working length. The ranges tested are as follows: the refrigerant mass velocity was from 130 to 400 kg/(m²/s) for R410A and R22, and the vapour pressure was 2.4l MPa for R410A and 1.53 MPa for R22. The obtained heat transfer data of R410A and R22 indicate that the values of the local heat transfer coefficients of the herring-bone grooved tube are about twice as large as those of helical one. All measured local heat transfer coefficients of condensation were compared with the predicted values from previous correlations proposed by other researchers, and were well correlated with the empirical equation using the frictional coefficients for each tube proposed by the author.     

Two-dimensional pattern matching by two-dimensional on-line tessellation acceptors

By reducing an array matching problem to a string matching problem in a natural way, it is shown that efficient string matching algorithms may be applied to arrays. In this paper, based on the ideas due to Baker, an application of the two-dimensional on-line tessellation acceptor (2-dota) is presented for very rapid on-line detection of occurrences of a fixed set of keyarrays as embedded subarrays in a text array. The main part of the algorithm described in this paper consists of constructing two finite state pattern (string) matching machines from the keyarrays. By combining these two finite state pattern matching machines, we construct the 2-dota which, given an m × n text array, solves the two-dimensional pattern matching problem in m + n?1 steps.