Non-Newtonian blood flow with magnetic nanoparticles in a W-shaped stenosed arterial segment: A numerical study

Flow of blood, infused with magnetic nanoparticles, in a W-shaped stenosed human arterial segment is studied numerically using a realistic non-Newtonian blood rheology model. It is observed that the Newtonian model predicts less time to reach a steady state than the non-Newtonian blood rheology model. An increased drug retention time at the target site with an increase in nanoparticle concentration is predicted. Detailed simulations further reveal that the skin friction coefficient does not increase significantly with the increase in nanoparticle concentration. Hence, it is anticipated from our study that the infusion of drug-carrying nanoparticles in blood flow does not excessively enhance wall shear stress that may lead to arterial wall damage. An overall increase in heat transfer rates and wall shear stress at the stenosed section is seen with an increase in Reynolds number. The present study provides valuable information for designing computer-assisted drug delivery systems.     

Optimization of the reaction conditions and characterization of L‐lactic acid direct polycondensation products catalyzed by a non‐metal‐based compound

In this article, we deal with the investigation into a poly(lactic acid) (PLA) preparation process catalyzed by a non‐metal‐based compound. Low‐molecular‐weight PLA was synthesized by the direct melt polycondensation of L ‐lactic acid catalyzed by methanesulfonic acid (MSA). This study was focused on the investigation into optimal MSA concentration determination and into the temperature (130, 145, 160, 175, and 190°C) and time (6, 12, 18, and 24 h) influence on the structure (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy), molecular weight (viscometric measurements and gel permeation chromatography), and thermal properties (differential scanning calorimetry) of the samples. The results show an optimal MSA content of 0.5 wt %. The highest molecular weight of PLA prepared by this method was reached after 18 h of reaction at 175°C (weight‐average molar mass = 17.2 × 10³ g/mol). © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010     

Poloxamer and gelatin gel guided polyaniline nanofibers: synthesis and characterization

A rapid polymerization technique was successfully employed to synthesize interconnected polyaniline (PANI) nanofibers using chemical oxidative polymerization inside a soft template. The thermoreversible hydrogels of Lutrol F 127 and gelatin were used as templates where the interstices present in the hydrogel were responsible for the formation of PANI nanofibers with a diameter in the range ca 70?75 nm and ca 50?55 nm respectively and several micrometers in length. The doped emeraldine salt of PANI was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy. The crystallinity of as‐synthesized PANI nanofibers for both cases was verified by an X‐ray diffraction study while thermogravimetric analysis was performed to compare the relative stability of the synthesized PANI nanofibers. The electrical conductivities of polymerized PANI are of the order of 10^?3 S cm^?1 and are compared with those of template fabricated PANI. The Lutrol F 127 gel guided PANI nanofibers showed a rectifying property while the gelatin gel guided PANI provided a simple ohmic nature. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry     

The effect of microwave irradiation on poly(vinyl alcohol) dissolved in ethylene glycol

Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) dissolved in ethylene glycol is subjected to microwave (MW) irradiation for 1 h to determine possible degradation. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy results show that MW treatment produces a minor effect on the solutions. Ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy suggests that PVA could undergoes loss of hydroxyl groups followed by formation of unsaturated conjugated bonds although the extent of degradation is limited, whereas size exclusion chromatography indicates that MW irradiation do not cause significant changes in PVA molar mass and neither chain cleavage nor crosslinking reactions are observed. Hence, polymer degradation induced by MWs in solution can be considered as negligible for prospective applications. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013     

Effect of Induced Charges on the Performance of Different Dielecteric Layers of c-Si Solar Cell by Experimental and Theoretical Approach

Silicon - Surface passivation plays critical role in enhancing Silicon Solar cell performance. Selection of proper passivation layers on n and p type c-Si is a major challenge. Induced charge of...     

Microstructural and Mechanical Behaviour of WC Reinforced Particles A3003 Surface Composite Fabricated through Friction Stir Processing

Protection of Metals and Physical Chemistry of Surfaces - In this current research, tungsten carbide (WC) micro-particles were dispersed into an aluminium (A3003) matrix by the way of multi-pass...     

Estimation of waste heat and its recovery potential from energy-intensive industries

Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy - The recovery and reuse of waste heat offers a significant opportunity for any country to reduce its overall primary energy usage. Reuse of waste heat...     

High-pressure structural investigation on lead-free piezoelectric 0.5Ba(Ti0.8Zr0.2)O3 - 0.5(Ba0.7Ca0.3)TiO3

The solid solution 0.5Ba(Ti_0.8Zr_0.2)O₃ − 0.5(Ba_0.7Ca_0.3)T iO₃ (BCZT) has become a promising member of the lead-free piezoelectric materials because of its exceptionally high piezoelectric properties. In this study, we focus on studying pressure-dependent Raman spectroscopy, powder x-ray diffraction, and dielectric constant measurements on BCZT. The data show several structural transitions are present, where the system from ambient mixed phase (tetragonal P4mm + orthorhombic Amm2) transforms into single phase (P4mm) at 0.3 GPa, then converts into cubic phase (Pm3m) at 4.8 GPa followed by another possible structural re-ordering around 10 GPa. Although there have been a lot of unanimity with the ambient crystallographic state of BCZT, our analysis justifies the presence of an intermediate orthorhombic phase in the Morphological Phase Boundary (MPB) of BCZT phase diagram. The transformation tetragonal to cubic is indicated by the Raman mode softening, unit cell volume change, and the (Ti/Zr)O₆ octahedra distortion, which coincides with the well-known ferroelectric-paraelectric transition of the system. The sudden drop in the dielectric constant value at 4.7 GPa also confirms the loss of ferroelectric nature of the BCZT ceramic.     

An efficient,scalable, regular clocking scheme based on quantum dot cellular automata

Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing - The present CMOS VLSI technology is facing some challenges like working in nano scale, device density, power dissipation, operating frequency,...     

Scientific document summarization in multi-objective clustering framework

Applied Intelligence - The exponential growth in the number of scientific articles has made it difficult for the researchers to keep themselves updated with the new developments. Scientific...