PDF417二维条码肖像图片压缩编码的优化算法研究

针对PDF417二维条码存储空间有限的问题，提出了一种基于小波变换的有损图像压缩算法，通过这个算法，可以将静态图片信息加入PDF417条码中，并能够满足在指定字节数情况下保证高质量地压缩图像，该文在分析小波变换等算法理论的基础上，详细介绍了PDF417二维条码肖像图片压缩编码的优化算法及该算法的实验结果与美国Symbol公司的PC2VQ算法结果对比。     

Detection by a solid phase independent enzyme immunoassay of monoclonal anti-idiotypic antibodies against monoclonal antibodies neutralizing Semliki Forest virus and encephalomyocarditis virus

3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase (EC 1.1.1.34) is the rate limiting step in the mevalonate pathway that produces isoprenoids and cholesterol. Inhibitors of HMG-CoA reductase are teratogenic in vivo and induce neural tube defects in rat embryo culture, effects which appear unrelated to cholesterol deficiency. This study is the first to localize HMG-CoA reductase mRNA by in situ hybridization (ISH). Expression of reductase mRNA was examined in post-implantation rat embryos, and for control purposes in rat liver and UT-1 cells, using a digoxigenin-11 (dig-11) labelled cRNA probe. Eighteen-day fetal liver showed heavy but patchy hybridization, and adult rat liver showed strong hybridization only on some periportal hepatocytes, which was absent in livers of fasted animals. UT-1 cells stimulated to overexpress HMG-CoA reductase mRNA were strongly positive with the same probe. Control hybridizations with sense strand RNA probe, or with cRNA probe on pre-RNased tissue were negative. Strong hybridization signal for HMG-CoA reductase mRNA was observed in all tissues of the post-implantation rat embryo, from egg cylinder to 30 somite stages (7 to 12 days). Heavy signal was noted in primitive ectoderm and neural tube. The wide embryonic and extraembryonic distribution and abundance of HMG-CoA reductase mRNA may reflect developmental requirements for products of the mevalonate pathway, e.g., isoprenoids for post-translational farnesylation of p21ras.     

评价松质骨状况的一种背散射频谱方法

采用超声背散射信号的质心偏移量来评价松质骨,并对牛胫骨和人体跟骨中背散射信号的质心偏移量与松质骨表观密度的关系,以及人体跟骨松质骨中背散射信号频谱质心位置与年龄的关系进行了分析讨论。分析结果表明,随松质骨表观密度的增大,背散射信号频谱的质心向低频方向移动;随年龄的增大,质心位置越接近于发射超声的中心频率。根据超声背散射信号质心偏移量的大小,可用于评价松质骨健康状况。     

反相乳液制备缔合型耐盐聚合物及流变性能评价

摘要：以丙烯酰胺（AM）、2-丙烯酰胺-十二烷基磺酸钠（AMC12S）、疏水单体GTE-10为原料,通过反相乳液聚合法制备了一种缔合型耐盐聚合物p(AM/AMC12S/GTE-10)。通过FTIR、1HNMR、SEM、TEM及激光粒度分析仪对其结构和形貌进行表征,并对其流变性能进行评价。结果表明,疏水单体GTE-10成功引入聚合物中,聚合完成后的乳液粒径分布集中且均一,盐的加入使得p(AM/AMC12S/GTE-10)分子聚集态更紧密,形成的空间网络结构更稳定。质量分数为0.7%的p(AM/AMC12S/GTE-10)聚合物水溶液在140 ℃时表现出较好的耐温性能;在120 ℃,170 s-1条件下剪切1 h,在质量浓度为20000 mg/L的NaCl和CaCl2水溶液中分别配制质量分数0.7%的聚合物溶液,其黏度分别为64.7和54.2 mPa·s;触变性能测试表明,聚合物具有较好的剪切恢复性能;黏弹性测试结果表明,盐水条件下储能模量（G′）>损耗模量（G″）,金属离子与苯氧乙烯基发生络合反应,使分子间作用力增强,形成的空间结构更稳定且难被破坏,黏弹性更高。     

Investigation of charge transport mechanism in semiconducting La<Subscript>0.5</Subscript>Ca<Subscript>0.5</Subscript>Mn<Subscript>0.5</Subscript>Fe<Subscript>0.5</Subscript>O<Subscript>3</Subscript> manganite prepared by sol–gel method

Here in, we report the charge transport mechanism in semiconducting La_0.5Ca_0.5Mn_0.5Fe_0.5O₃ (LCMFO) polycrystalline material synthesized via sol–gel auto combustion route. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the orthorhombic phase of the prepared material. Temperature dependent resistivity and impedance spectroscopy measurements have been carried out to probe the dielectric and electrical conduction mechanism which revealed a change of Mott variable range to the small polaronic hopping conduction mechanism around 303 K. The complex impedance and modulus spectra undoubtedly showed the contribution of both grain and grain boundary effect on the conduction properties of LCMFO. An equivalent circuit [(R_gbQ_gb) (R_gQ_g)] model has been used to address the electrical parameters associated with the different phases (grains and grain boundaries) having different relaxation times. The values of resistances of two phases obtained after fitting the equivalent circuit in the nyquist plot have been analyzed which confirmed the change of conduction mechanism around 303 K. The resultant change in conduction mechanism is also supported by the conductivity plots.     

Exhaust emission profiling of fatty acid methyl esters and NOx control studies using selective synthetic and natural additives

Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy - The present study was focused on the optimized biodiesel production using Moringa oleifera (M. oleifera) and rice bran oils, characterization, and...     

Root Cause Failure Analysis of a Domestic Pressure Cooker Through Metallurgical Characterization and Computational Simulation

Pressure cooker is a closed domestic pressure cooking vessel for use with external heat source and capable of maintaining nominal cooking pressure up to 1.0 kgf/cm² (100 kN/m² approximately) gauge nominal. In pressure cookers, despite the development of electronic controllers, the basic edition of such vessels are still equipped with fewer advanced safety functions due to economic constraints. Although the provision of pressure relief valves (PRV) is considered as one of the major protective features, however, pressure cooker failure accidents have been reported frequently. This paper describes the analysis of pressure cooker failure that failed prematurely after 1 year of service considering the design life of > 5 years. It was hypothesized that the root cause of pipe failure was either material degradation from exposure to an aggressive environment or an inherent defect in the pressure cooker. To test this hypothesis, a thorough visual examination of the exhumed failed section and the fracture surface was undertaken, followed by liquid penetrant testing, material identification, hardness testing, and metallographic analysis. Computational models of static and transient loading were also used to determine the stress distribution along the actual geometry of the failed cooker and to understand the main causes of recurrent failures. Visual and macroscale examination revealed significant body deformation at the lower dish-ended shell showing distorted locking grooves. It was also noticed that dirt and food particle, from the earlier cooking, were stuck in the pressure valves orifice. In addition, no evidence of metallurgical defect was observed. The inspection indicated that the cause of failure is primarily due to the choking of pressure relief value (PRV) and overpressure safety valves. Consequently, the pressure release occurred from the sealing side of the top lid, which resulted in its ejection.     

Self-inhibition in amiloride-sensitive sodium channels in taste receptor cells

Recognition of antigen by T cells requires the formation of a specialized junction between the T cell and the antigen-presenting cell. This junction is generated by the recruitment and the exclusion of specific proteins from the contact area. The mechanisms that regulate these events are unknown. Here we demonstrate that ligand engagement of the adhesion molecule, CD2, initiates a process of protein segregation, CD2 clustering, and cytoskeletal polarization. Although protein segregation was not dependent on the cytoplasmic domain of CD2, CD2 clustering and cytoskeletal polarization required an interaction of the CD2 cytoplasmic domain with a novel SH3-containing protein. This novel protein, called CD2AP, is likely to facilitate receptor patterning in the contact area by linking specific adhesion receptors to the cytoskeleton.     

Enteropathogenicity markers in Escherichia coli isolated from infants with acute diarrhoea and healthy controls in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Faeces from urban children < 2 years old with acute diarrhoeal illness and from non-diarrhoeal infants (controls) were examined for Escherichia coli and other enteropathogens. A total of 990 E. coli isolates from 100 patients and 50 controls was tested for enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) serotype (O:H), adherence to HEp-2 cells after incubation for 3 and 6 h, fluorescent actin staining (FAS), DNA hybridisation with EAF, eaeA, STh, STp and EAggEC probes and production of heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) and verocytotoxin (VT) with Y1 and Vero cells. EPEC were the most prevalent enteropathogens in patients (32.7%; and 14% in controls). Enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC) and Vero cytotoxin-producing E. coli (VTEC) were not detected. The rate of isolation of enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) was identical in both groups. Among the EPEC isolates the prevalent serotypes were O111:H2, O55:NM and O119:H6. Localised adherence (LA) was found significantly more frequently in isolates from patients (19.6%) than controls (2.1%). All LA-positive EPEC isolates were FAS+ and eaeA+, but only 75.2% of them hybridised with the EAF probe. Diffusely adhering E. coli (DAEC) and enteroaggregative E. coli (EAggEC) were found with equal frequency in patients and controls. Twenty-seven E. coli isolates were negative for EAF but positive for eaeA and FAS and produced LA in 6-h adherence tests. These EAF-/eaeA+ strains were the only putative enteropathogen identified in seven patients and were not found in controls. The ability of these strains to elicit ultrastructural cell alterations and cell-signalling events was evaluated in Caco-2 cells (human colon carcinoma cell line) by the gentamicin invasion assay and by transmission electron microscopy. The numbers of intracellular bacteria in cell invasion tests varied from 0.4% to 1.6% of the cell-associated bacteria after a 6-h incubation period. Tyrosine phosphorylation of host cell proteins was assessed in HEp-2 cells by immunofluorescence microscopy and all strains gave positive results. EAF-/eaeA+ E. coli strains express most of the virulence properties found among true EPEC strains and can be a relevant cause of infant diarrhoea in developing countries.     

NRP/B, a novel nuclear matrix protein, associates with p110(RB) and is involved in neuronal differentiation

The nuclear matrix is defined as the insoluble framework of the nucleus and has been implicated in the regulation of gene expression, the cell cycle, and nuclear structural integrity via linkage to intermediate filaments of the cytoskeleton. We have discovered a novel nuclear matrix protein, NRP/B (nuclear restricted protein/brain), which contains two major structural elements: a BTB domain-like structure in the predicted NH2 terminus, and a "kelch motif" in the predicted COOH-terminal domain. NRP/B mRNA (5.5 kb) is predominantly expressed in human fetal and adult brain with minor expression in kidney and pancreas. During mouse embryogenesis, NRP/B mRNA expression is upregulated in the nervous system. The NRP/B protein is expressed in rat primary hippocampal neurons, but not in primary astrocytes. NRP/B expression was upregulated during the differentiation of murine Neuro 2A and human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. Overexpression of NRP/B in these cells augmented neuronal process formation. Treatment with antisense NRP/B oligodeoxynucleotides inhibited the neurite development of rat primary hippocampal neurons as well as the neuronal process formation during neuronal differentiation of PC-12 cells. Since the hypophosphorylated form of retinoblastoma protein (p110(RB)) is found to be associated with the nuclear matrix and overexpression of p110(RB) induces neuronal differentiation, we investigated whether NRP/B is associated with p110(RB). Both in vivo and in vitro experiments demonstrate that NRP/B can be phosphorylated and can bind to the functionally active hypophosphorylated form of the p110(RB) during neuronal differentiation of SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells induced by retinoic acid. Our studies indicate that NRP/B is a novel nuclear matrix protein, specifically expressed in primary neurons, that interacts with p110(RB) and participates in the regulation of neuronal process formation.