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11.
Jenkins RE Meng X Elliott VL Kitteringham NR Pirmohamed M Park BK 《Proteomics. Clinical applications》2009,3(6):720-729
Flucloxacillin is a synthetic penicillin used in the treatment of Staphylococcal infections. Adverse reactions to the drug are believed to arise through covalent modification of proteins, with tissue damage occurring secondary to an immune reaction. Serum proteins have been shown by adduct-specific antibodies to be modified by flucloxacillin, but the nature and sites of modification have not been characterised. Here, in vitro studies on HSA have shown by MS that the modification of protein lysine residues occurs in a dose-, time- and site-dependent manner. Affinity, cation exchange and reversed phase chromatography prior to MS revealed in vivo modification of HSA with flucloxacillin in tolerant patients, with up to nine modified lysine residues being detected in each patient, and with modification of Lys190 and Lys212 being detected in 8/8 patients. It was also revealed for the first time that plasma proteins could be modified with the 5-hydroxymethyl metabolite of flucloxacillin, and that essentially the same Lys residues were targeted by both the parent drug and its metabolite. This study provides a detailed characterisation of sites of chemical modification of an endogenous target and reveals candidate peptides for T-cell and antibody assays of flucloxacillin hypersensitivity. 相似文献
12.
Yasuhiro Kodera Takeshi Yamamoto Naoki Toyofuku Manshi Ohyanagi Zuhair A. Munir 《Journal of Materials Science》2006,41(3):727-732
The ordering of stacking-disordered silicon carbide prepared from the elements by high energy ball milling was investigated
during sintering. A sharp increase in density in the temperature region 1700–1800°C was associated with a decrease in the
disorder. Samples which had low disorder density showed a more continuous sintering behavior with temperature. Highly dense
(up to 99% relative density) SiC can be obtained at 1900°C under a pressure of 70 MPa with no hold time. Similar results were
observed for structurally disordered carbon with 10 at% of boron. The sintering behavior exhibited an abrupt density increase
in the narrow temperature region of 1450–1600°C and was associated with disorder-order transformation. 相似文献
13.
Sarwar Sohail Qayyum Zia Ul García-Castro Raúl Safyan Muhammad Munir Rana Faisal 《Multimedia Tools and Applications》2019,78(24):34745-34771
Multimedia Tools and Applications - Enhancing the degree of learner productivity, one of the major challenges in E-Learning systems, may be catered through effective personalization, adaptivity and... 相似文献
14.
Alternative approach to compute shear amplification in high‐rise reinforced concrete core wall buildings using uncoupled modal response history analysis procedure
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Tahir Mehmood Pennung Warnitchai Munir Ahmed M.Irshad Qureshi 《The Structural Design of Tall and Special Buildings》2017,26(4)
The seismic response of the high‐rise reinforced concrete (RC) wall structures is really complicated as several vibration modes other than the fundamental mode normally contribute significantly to the response—commonly recognized as ‘higher mode effects’. Response spectrum analysis (RSA) procedure, which can account for higher mode effects, is usually employed to compute the seismic design demand for the high‐rise structures. Recent studies show that the inelastic seismic force demands obtained from the rigorous nonlinear response history analysis procedure are much larger than the seismic force design demands obtained from the code‐based RSA procedure for the high‐rise RC wall structures. Though, the nonlinear response history analysis procedure is widely accepted for its ability to provide the most accurate estimate of nonlinear seismic responses, the obtained responses are generally so complex that it is quite difficult for engineers to grasp the overall picture of the responses and gain some insight into them and use them to understand the cause of high seismic demands. Another important issue related to the nonlinear seismic response prediction of the high‐rise RC wall structures is the realistic and accurate numerical modeling of RC walls. In this study, a simplified but reasonably accurate procedure called the uncoupled modal response history analysis procedure is used to interpret the complex nonlinear behavior of high‐rise RC wall structures. Moreover, a finite element model based on modified compression field theory is employed for accurate numerical modeling of RC walls by incorporating the axial‐flexure‐shear interaction. This study, by making use of a better computer modeling approach and an in‐depth analysis by modal decomposition, aims to resolve some of the unanswered questions regarding realistic prediction of nonlinear seismic demands of high‐rise structures. 相似文献
15.
Hisashi Kaga Ellen M. Heian Zuhair A. Munir Clemens Schmalzried Rainer Telle 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》2001,84(12):2764-2770
The synthesis of solid solutions of (Ti,W,Cr)B2 from elemental reactants using the field-activated, pressure-assisted synthesis method and employing the SPS apparatus was investigated. The nature of the products depended on temperature; they were nearly pure solid solutions at 1900°C with minor amounts of β-WB. The product density and microhardness depended on the temperature of synthesis for the same value of applied pressure (64 MPa). Samples with the highest density (94%) corresponded to a hardness of 22.7 GPa. When annealed at 1500°C, the solid solutions decomposed, precipitating a (W,Ti,Cr)B2 phase in a spinodal form. In addition, β-WB precipitates in the form of thin (0.4–5.3 nm) layers were observed. They existed in a 60°/120° orientation to the (Ti,W,Cr)B2 matrix, in agreement with previous observations. Highly faceted, small (nanosized) pores associated with the β-WB precipitates were also observed. 相似文献
16.
Effects of enzyme concentration, substrate concentration and residence time on substrate conversion, reactor capacity and productivity were evaluated. As enzyme concentration increased from 1 to 6 g/L, substrate conversion also increased. Substrate conversion was essentially unchanged at enzyme concentrations greater than 6 g/L. Reactor capacity was significantly affected by both substrate and enzyme concentration. As residence time increased, substrate conversion increased 15–22%. Productivities of the continuous reactor were 10 to 20 times greater than those obtained in a batch reactor. The continuous membrane reactor was capable of producing a highly pure glucose syrup at low residence times. Due to the high levels of substrate conversion, minimal operational problems were experienced. 相似文献
17.
18.
Stability of fortified whole wheat flour (WWF) was evaluated using NaFeEDTA, elemental iron, ZnSO4 and ZnO as fortificants. Fortified WWF was stored in tin boxes and polypropylene bags for 60 days under ambient storage condition (ASC) and controlled storage condition (CSC). Fortification significantly (p ? 0.05) decreased moisture and protein content and increased ash content to 5.44%, 6% and 23%, as compared to control. Fortified WWF, assayed periodically for mould contamination manifested a significant inhibition (∼1 log reduction) in flours containing elemental iron. Low storage temperature and relative humidity (RH) indicated lower level of mould count during extended storage time. Tin boxes, as storage material, exhibited a better protection against mould attack, acting as an effective barrier for moisture. Fortificants exerted a slight deteriorative effect on texture characteristics of the chapattis made of these flours but chapattis were still accepted by the judges. Zinc fortificants seemed like having little or no effect on the quality of the flours and chapattis, made of such flours. Shelf life of fortified flour may be extended by using elemental iron as fortificant and storing the product in tin boxes under relatively low temperature and RH. 相似文献
19.
Intizar Hussain Muhammad Mudasser Munir A. Hanjra Upali Amrasinghe David Molden 《国际水》2013,38(2):189-200
Abstract Increasing water scarcity, degradation of land and water resources, continuing low agricultural productivity, and increasing populations are posing the largest ever challenges for development of agricultural economies in many developing countries including Pakistan. Using panel data from irrigated settings in Chaj sub-basin of the Indus basin in Pakistani Punjab, we attempt to: (a) analyze the causes of low productivity; (b) disentangle factors (both land, water and other factors) contributing to productivity variations; and (c) identify limits and opportunities for narrowing productivity gaps and increasing overall wheat production, with a view to enhance food security for the poor. The results of the study indicate that locational inequities in distribution of canal water, use of groundwater of varying quality, differences in use of seed varieties, and other inputs lead to significant variations in wheat productivity. Key implications are that large gains in wheat productivity are possible by (a) improving the production environment at the tail-end through integrated water management practices; (b) adjusting the mix of canal and groundwater use; and (c) using technological interventions to improve the adoption of modern wheat varieties and dissemination of knowledge on planting dates and timings and application rates of inputs, especially water and fertilizer. Not only such interventions are economically, financially, and environmentally desirable, they are also pro-poor. What is needed is a strong political will and commitment. 相似文献
20.
Zunaira Munir Giuliana Banche Lorenza Cavallo Narcisa Mandras Janira Roana Raffaele Pertusio Eleonora Ficiar Roberta Cavalli Caterina Guiot 《International journal of molecular sciences》2022,23(5)
In the search for non-chemical and green methods to counteract the bacterial contamination of foods, the use of natural substances with antimicrobial properties and light irradiation at proper light waves has been extensively investigated. In particular, the combination of both techniques, called photodynamic inactivation (PDI), is based on the fact that some natural substances act as photosensitizers, i.e., produce bioactive effects under irradiation. Notably, curcumin is a potent natural antibacterial and effective photosensitizer that is able to induce photodynamic activation in the visible light range (specifically for blue light). Some practical applications have been investigated with particular reference to food preservation from bacterial contaminants. 相似文献