甲氨蝶呤囊泡的制备和体外释放性能研究

用非离子表面活性剂和胆固醇为原料,采用薄膜分散法制备甲氨蝶呤囊泡,通过透析法分离未包封的药物,紫外分光光度法测定包封率和体外释药性。结果显示,Span 60与胆固醇形成的囊泡(VSpan 60∶VCHOL=5∶3),在50℃超声40 m in的条件下,对0.60 g/L的甲氨蝶呤包封率可达65%以上,在模拟胃流体和模拟肠流体中均有良好的缓释作用。     

漆酶在造纸工业中应用的最新研究

漆酶是近年发现在造纸工业中最具潜力的生物酶,具有催化氧化木素的能力。文章综述了漆酶在制浆造纸工业中应用的最新研究进展,例如漂白、造纸废水处理、去除树脂、增加湿强度等诸多方面。     

低压脉冲杀菌技术的试验研究

电化学杀菌是一种新型的水质稳定技术,对于消除由于磷系配方水质稳定剂所引起的地表水体富营养化有重要意义。本文采用自行改装的直流一脉冲电源,用脉冲与直流电源对不同试验用水、不同菌种的杀菌效果做了对比研究,结果表明,自来水中杀菌效果比蒸馏水中略好,细菌的杀菌效果明显高于真菌(酵母茵),脉冲的杀菌效果明显高于直流,在合适的条件下,细菌的杀灭率可以达到99．9％,真菌可以达到89．5％,表明低压脉冲水质稳定技术有着广阔的应用前景。     

EF-Feox方法处理六氯苯废水

废水中作为持久性有机污染（POPs）之一的六氯苯,具有生物蓄积性和毒性,须经净化处理才能排入环境。本文研究了采用EF．Feox法处理六氯苯模拟废水,及处理效果的影响因素。研究结果显示：以不锈钢片作为电极对模拟废水进行氧极电芬顿（EF-Feox）反应,在外加电压5V,初始pH值为2．5,电解质Na2SO4投加量0．05mol／L,H2O2投加量500mg／L,搅拌情况下,经过3h的处理,六氟苯去除率可达96．96％。     

C_9 FK的表面活性测定

用吊片法和自制改进的最大泡压法分别测定了全氟庚氧基全氟亚乙基磺酸钾(C9FK)溶液的平衡和动态表面张力,计算得出该种表面活性剂形成胶束的标准热力学函数△Hmθ、△Smθ、△Gmθ分别为16．98 kJ／mol、218．29 J／mol·K、-48．22 kJ／mol。结合Word-Tordai方程,计算得到在不同条件下的表观扩散系数Da和吸附势垒Ea。实验证明,增大表面活性剂的浓度、降低温度、以及无机盐(NaCl)的加入都会使扩散系数减小,吸附势垒增大,从而不利于吸附的进行。当表面活性剂的浓度小于等于1×10-6 mol/L时,该体系属于扩散控制模型,而浓度大于 1×10-6 mol/L时,在吸附初期(t→O)属于扩散控制,后期均属于混合控制模型。     

Stresses of cohesionless granular flows in liquids

We construct constitutive relations for friction stress, slide stress and collision stress of cohesionless granular flows. We propose that the friction stress and slide stress could be neglected when τ_c/τ_e < 0.02, where τ_c represents the interval time experienced by a given particle between two consecutive binary collisions and τ_e the particle relaxation time. We applied these constitutive relations to a simulation of solid-liquid flow in an inclined chute and found the simulation results agree with experimental data.     

Epitaxy growth and directed crystallization of high-density polyethylene in the oriented blends with isotactic polypropylene

Various lamellar orientations of high-density polyethylene (HDPE), due to competition between bulk nucleation and interfacial nucleation, have been realized in its melt drawn blends with isotactic polypropylene (iPP) upon cooling after subjected to 160 °C for 30 min. Directed crystallization, with heterogeneous nucleation in the bulk (within domains), is defined as lamellar growth along boundary of anisotropic domains and is favored in larger domains at higher temperature (slow cooling), since overgrowth of lamellae can feel the interface rather than impingement with neighbor ones as a result of scare nuclei at higher temperature. Moreover, lamellar growth caused by directed crystallization is dependent of dimension of confinement. Due to 2D confinement of cylindrical domains, lamellae can only grow along the axis of cylinder and thus b-axis orientation is formed. While in the layered domains with 1D confinement, however, lamellae grow with the normal of (110) plane along the melt drawn direction. On the other hand, epitaxial growth of HDPE chains onto iPP lamellae is related to the surface-induced crystallization and dominated by the interfacial nucleation. Only interfacial nucleation is preferred can epitaxial growth occur. Therefore, retarded crystallization, realized by either strong confinement in finer domains or rapid cooling or both, is favorable for it.     

Chemoenzymatic synthesis of HIV-1 gp41 glycopeptides: effects of glycosylation on the anti-HIV activity and alpha-helix bundle-forming ability of peptide C34

C34 is a 34-mer peptide derived from the C-terminal ectodomain of HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein, gp41. The C34 region in native gp41 carries a conserved N-glycan at Asn637 and the sequence is directly involved in the virus-host membrane fusion, an essential step for HIV-1 infection. This paper describes the synthesis of glycoforms of C34 which carry a monosaccharide, a disaccharide, and a native oligosaccharide moiety. The synthesis of the glycopeptide which carries a native high-mannose type N-glycan was achieved by a chemoenzymatic approach by using an endoglycosidase-catalyzed oligosaccharide transfer as the key step. The effects of glycosylation on the inhibitory activity and the helix-bundle forming ability of C34 were investigated. It was found that glycosylation moderately decreases the anti-HIV activity of C34 and, in comparison with C34, glyco-C34 forms less compact six-helix bundles with the corresponding N-terminal peptide, N36. This study suggests that conserved glycosylation modulates the anti-HIV activity and conformations of the gp41 C-peptide, C34.     

Magnetic behavior within a new Ni(mnt)2-based molecular solid containing 1-(2′-fluorobenzyl)isoquinolinium

A novel molecular solid, [OFBzIQl][Ni(mnt)₂] (1), where [OFBzIQl]⁺ = 1-(2′-fluorobenzyl)isoquinolinium and mnt²⁻ = maleonitriledithiolate, forms 1D column of alternating between cations and anions via ππ stacking interaction between Ni(mnt)₂ plane and isoquinoline ring, and the Ni(mnt)₂ anions between the adjacent columns exist short CN interaction. The extensive hydrogen bonds between anions and cations in the crystal generate a 2D network structure. Magnetic susceptibility measurement for 1 in the temperature range 2.0–300 K shows that 1 exhibits a magnetic constant transition from ferromagnetic to antiferromagnetic around 35 K as the temperature is lowered.     

阿昔洛韦在超临界CO2中的溶解度与关联

药物微粒化可改善其溶出度,提高生物利用度。为应用超临界流体技术制备阿昔洛韦(Acyclovir)微粒,用静态法测定了在313．15～413．15K,10．0～30．0MPa下阿昔洛韦在超临界CO2中的溶解度。阿昔洛韦的溶解度较小,在10^-5～10^-7(摩尔分率)之间,溶解度随着温度和压力的升高而增大,不存在文献报道的反向区。采用P-R方程对溶解度数据进行关联,平均相对误差为10．0％。