Gesundheitsinformationen im Internet

Electronic Health (E-Health) increasingly strives to provide health information and services to healthcare stakeholders (e.g., insurances, physicians, hospital and patient alliances, self-help groups) via the Internet, and to actively involve patients in their care. One major chance for these participatory healthcare and patient-oriented approaches that integrate patients in healthcare are the phenomena and ideas associated with providing information and healthcare on the Internet. This paper examines the existing body of knowledge on online health information and explores the current state of research through a review of literature by classifying articles published between the last two decades in IS, BISE, and health domain-specific journals as well as a review of past and current BMBF-, DFG-, and EU-funded research projects in this field. The fundamental categories of the analysis represent the stakeholders in the healthcare sector, the connecting information flows, the information-transferring technological applications, as well as the categories of the TEMPEST model. Amongst others, the results show that most of the analyzed papers discuss conventional, transactional E-Health applications. Within the TEMPEST model the technological category has the largest share of all categories. Based on these findings, causes and future research fields are discussed.     

La transition secondaire postsecondaire abordée sous l'angle de l'harmonisation des manières d'utiliser le symbolisme chez les enseignants

Nos observations au secondaire et au collégial et les travaux menés sur la transition secondaire postsecondaire en mathématiques ont permis de documenter un ensemble de ruptures dans le passage d'un ordre à l'autre, soulignant l'importance de s'attarder à l'articulation entre ces deux ordres. C'est afin de mieux comprendre ces articulations possibles qu'une recherche collaborative a été menée avec des enseignants des deux ordres. L'analyse, puisant ses fondements en ethnométhodologie, fait apparaître l'utilisation du symbolisme comme un thème central de cette articulation interordres, et permet de retracer une trajectoire d'harmonisation qui se développe durant les rencontres en lien avec cette utilisation.     

Assessment of physical strain in younger and older subjects using heart rate and scalings of perceived exertion

Physical strain is usually evaluated physiologically by using the heart rate (HR) or psychologically using scaled perceived exertion (PE). In order to explore the relationship between these approaches, we compared the series of both measurements taken simultaneously during work on a bicycle ergometer. A total of 29 participants aged between 27 and 41, 42 and 56, and 57 and 71 years took part in 28 minutes of cycling with systematically increased and decreased load as well as in 7 hours of continuous cycling with low to medium exertion, interrupted by brief peak loads at high to very high exertion levels. Results revealed that, while both measurements are suitable to capture physical strain, HR is not as specific as PE. The older participants further perceived comparable physical loads as more demanding as the younger participants. With an aging workforce, results have potential implications for the organisation of work places.     

Initial Molecular Recognition Steps of McjA Precursor during Microcin J25 Lasso Peptide Maturation

Microcin J25 (MccJ25) has emerged as an excellent model to understand the maturation of ribosomal precursor peptides into the entangled lasso fold. MccJ25 biosynthesis relies on the post‐translational modification of the precursor McjA by the ATP‐dependent protease McjB and the lactam synthetase McjC. Here, using NMR spectroscopy, we showed that McjA is an intrinsically disordered protein without detectable conformational preference, which emphasizes the active role of the maturation machinery on the three‐dimensional folding of MccJ25. We further showed that the N‐terminal region of the leader peptide is involved in interaction with both maturation enzymes and identified a predominant interaction of V43–S55 in the core McjA sequence with McjC. Moreover, we demonstrated that residues K23–Q34 in the N‐terminal McjA leader peptide tend to adopt a helical conformation in the presence of membrane mimics, implying a role in directing McjA to the membrane in the vicinity of the lasso synthetase/export machinery. These data provide valuable insights into the initial molecular recognition steps in the MccJ25 maturation process.     

Improvement of corrosion protection of steel by incorporation of a new phosphonated fatty acid in a phosphorus-containing polymer coating obtained by UV curing

Six formulations containing diacrylate monomers (from 89 to 92.5% (w/w)) as well as a phosphonated methacrylate monomer (from 1 to 10% (w/w)) were prepared. All formulations were UV-cured and the corrosion performance of the resulting coatings applied onto a steel substrate was assessed by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). It was first shown that the coatings containing phosphonic acid methacrylate (MAPC1(OH)₂) instead of methacrylate phosphonic dimethyl ester (MAPC1) presented higher corrosion protection related to the strong adhesive properties of phosphonic acid on the metal substrate. A minimum MAPC1(OH)₂ content of 2.5% was determined to provide the highest impedance values (best efficiency). Then, a new bio-based compound, i.e. phosphonic acid-bearing oleic acid (phosphonated fatty acid), was synthesized and added as an inhibitor to the formulations. In the presence of this compound, the corrosion protection was notably improved. The beneficial effect of phosphonated fatty acid was explained by its inhibitive action at the steel/coating interface and by the improvement of the barrier properties.     

Investigations on Selectivity of Gas-Liquid Reactions in Capillaries

Biocatalysis offers a broad spectrum of possible ecological and economic advantages over conventional chemical catalysis processes, e.g., lower energy consumption and high enantio selectivity. The focus of this work is on gas-liquid reactions. These are of great importance in the chemical and biochemical industry and subject of current research since they are often limited by mass transfer or show low selectivity. Different suitable biocatalytically gas-liquid reaction systems were tested in capillary reactor designs in order to obtain information about the interaction between reaction and fluid mechanics. Furthermore, an optical measuring method was established. The experiments were performed in batch mode in a glass beaker with a flow cuvette for UV/Vis measurement of product concentration.     

H3PW12O40 acid dispersed on its Cs salt: improvement of its catalytic properties by mechanical mixture and grinding

Acidic cesium salts Cs_x H_3-xPW₁₂O₄₀ have been prepared by grinding together amounts of H₃PW₁₂O₄₀ and porous Cs₃PW₁₂O₄₀ compounds in varying stoichiometries. It is shown that this procedure leads to a dispersion of the acid on top of the high surface area Cs₃PW₁₂O₄₀ salt (160 m² g^-1), and, subsequently, yields high surface area materials which exhibit a much higher catalytic activity for n-butane isomerisation at 473 K when compared with samples prepared directly by chemical precipitation. This improvement holds particularly true with low Cs content (x < 2). This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Long‐term testing of a high temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell: The effect of reactant gases

The investigations have been conducted with different oxidants and fuels with the aim of determining the state‐of‐the‐art of commercially available high temperature polymer electrolyte fuel cells based on polybenzimidazole for its application in combined heat and power generation systems. The fuel cell test performed with synthetic reformate (?63 μV/h) showed an increase of anode charge and mass transfer resistances. This behavior has suggested that CO may be generated from the CO₂ included in the synthetic reformate via reverse water gas shift reaction. The fuel cell test performed with pure O₂ developed the highest degradation rates (?70 μV/h) due to fast oxidative degradation of membrane electrode assembly materials such as cathode catalyst and membrane. Fuel cell operation with H₂/air exhibited the lowest degradation rates (?57 μV/h) and it requires longer investigating times to identify the different degradation mechanisms. Moreover, fuel cell tests performed with air suggested longer break‐in procedures to complete catalyst activation and redistribution of electrolyte. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 62: 217–227, 2016     

Purification and structural characterisation of lipid transfer protein from red wine and grapes

Lipid transfer proteins (LTP) play a major role in plant defence and are of particular interest due to their known ability to cause allergic reactions. These proteins are expressed in grapes and also remain detectable after vinification, especially in red wine. However, it remains unknown whether the protein undergoes any changes during the vinification process. Here, we present a purification method for LTPs from Dornfelder grapes and wine. By liquid-chromatography–mass spectroscopy (LC–MS/MS) we identified LTPs from two different species (Vitis vinifera and Vitis aestivalis). Additionally, the purified LTPs were characterised using spectrometric methods, confirming their high purity and structural stability during vinification. We conclude that LTPs are resistant to the alcohol content (13.5 vol%), acidic milieu of wine and other ingredients present during the vinification process, indicating that the allergenic potential of grape LTP is not diminished by the vinification process.