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41.
Ti wire electrodes were immersed in acidic solutions containing H2SO4 and HCl of various concentrations at 353 K to evaluate corrosion rate by measurement of electric resistance change (resistometry). Addition of hydrochloric acid to sulphuric acid solution promoted depassivation of Ti. After depassivation, the immersion potential dropped to the hydrogen evolution potential and a hydride layer was formed on the surface. The hydride layer dissolved continuously in the acidic solution. SEM observation showed that Ti wires dissolved almost uniformly in the early stage and that the dissolution then trace became irregular due to nonuniform growth of the hydride layer. Dissolution rate of a Ti wire was estimated almost accurately by resistometry. 相似文献
42.
Kyu-Hyun Han Kyong-Won Seo Dae-Hyun Hwang Soon Heung Chang 《Nuclear Engineering and Design》2006,236(2):164-178
Gas-cooled reactors have been highlighted as a promising option for next generation reactor technology. A thermal hydraulic analysis code for gas-cooled reactors has been developed with a heat transfer model of a block element, which is solved implicitly with the helium energy equation. Validation was carried out through comparison with both experimental and analytical results. A computation module for annular fuel rods has been coupled to the code for comparative analyses of an annular fuel-based block element. At normal operation, the annular fuel shows 80 °C lower peak temperature than the solid fuel for the same power in Japan's high temperature engineering test reactor (HTTR), even though the pressure drop is higher in the annular fuel. 相似文献
43.
本文用不热形变栅状直丝化学气相沉积(CVD)法生长金刚石膜,在Si及WC-Co硬质合金衬底上金刚石膜晶面显露规律随衬底温度和甲烷浓度而异,经适当表面处理及选择合适的工艺条件,当生长初期衬底上就呈现出良好晶形的沉积膜,衬底与膜之间的粘结力能得到提高。Raman谱分析表明此膜仅具有特征金刚石1332cm ̄(-1)峰,通过SEM观察揭示出盒刚石膜可在表面、侧面及棱上生长,并与衬底有良好的联结。 相似文献
44.
45.
Degradation of analog device parameters such as drain conductance, gd, due to hot carrier injection has been modeled for NMOSFET's. In this modeling, mobility reduction caused by interface state generation by hot carrier injection and the gradual channel approximation were employed. It has been found that gd degradation can be calculated from linear region transconductance, gm, degradation which is usually monitored for hot carrier degradation of MOSFET's. The values of gd degradation calculated from gm degradation fit well to the measured values of gd degradation The dependence of the gd degradation lifetime on Leff has been also studied, this model also provides an explanation of the dependence on Leff. The model is then useful for lifetime predictions of analog circuits in which gd degradation is usually more important than gm degradation 相似文献
46.
Spectrally stable Er-fiber laser for application in phase-sensitive optical time-domain reflectometry 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Kyoo Nam Choi H.F. Taylor 《Photonics Technology Letters, IEEE》2003,15(3):386-388
A high degree of frequency stability in an Er-fiber laser with the Fabry-Perot configuration was achieved using a long (25-km) optical-feedback loop. The frequency-drift rate was determined to be <1 MHz/min by observing temporal fringes in an unbalanced Mach-Zehnder interferometer. Instantaneous linewidth measured with a delayed self-heterodyne interferometer was less than the 3-kHz resolution limit. The laser was utilized in an optical time-domain reflectometry experiment to detect and locate a time-varying phase perturbation applied to an optical fiber. 相似文献
47.
Deactivation of copper-ion-exchanged hydrogen-mordenite-type zeolite catalyst by SO2 for NO reduction by NH3 was examined in a fixed-bed flow reactor. The deactivation of the catalyst was strongly dependent on reaction temperature. At high reaction temperatures over 300°C, the catalyst did not lose its initial activity up to 50 h of operation, regardless of SO2 feed concentration from 500 to 20,000 ppm. However, at low reaction temperatures near 250°C, apparent deactivation did occur. Changes in the physicochemical properties such as surface area and sulfur content of deactivated catalyst well correlated with catalyst activity, depending upon reaction temperatures. The deactivation was due to pore blocking and/or filling by deactivating agents, which plugged and/or filled the pores of catalyst. The deactivating agents deposited on the catalyst surface were presumed to be (NH4)2SO4 and/or (NH4)HSO4 from the results of TGA and ion-chromatography measurement. 相似文献
48.
Young-Sang Jeon Hoe-Sung Yang Sangwook Nam 《Microwave and Wireless Components Letters, IEEE》2005,15(4):214-216
This letter presents a novel high-efficiency linear transmitter using pulse-width modulation (PWM). An envelope of radio frequency (RF) input signal is modulated by the PWM. The modulated signal is applied to the gate bias of a class F injection-locked power oscillator and switches it on and off. By filtering the pulsed oscillating output signal of the injection-locked oscillator using high-Q bandpass filter, the input signal is restored. This technique enables the transmitter to have high efficiency with good linearity. Also, there is little distortion near saturation point of an active device. The measured results show efficiency of 54.6% and very good linearity in PCS band at 26.4-dBm output power. 相似文献
49.
Summary Cyclic tris(ethylene terephthalate) (CTET) was separated from oligomeric extract of poly(ethylene terephthalate) by the conventional solvent separation method. The structure of CTET was characterized by differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy. It is shown that the double melting behavior of meltcrystallized CTET is attributed to the morphological change created by heat-treatment. The effect of the morphological change on the crystal structure of CTET was also examined. 相似文献
50.
Different fluorination methods were applied to modify the surface properties of carbon fibers. The relationship between the degree of fluorination and the physicochemical properties of carbon fibers was studied using a combination of mechanical tests, elemental analysis (EA), X-ray photoelectron spectrometry (XPS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). EA and XPS analyses of fluorinated carbon fibers showed that treatment with mixtures of F2/O2 introduced a much higher fluorine concentration than that with F2 only. However, XRD analysis showed that there was no increase in the interlayer distance, due to the mild fluorination condition applied. Consequently, the oxyfluorination was one of the more effective methods to increase surface polarity of carbon fibers, which probably played an important role in improving the tensile properties of the fibers in the epoxy resin system. 相似文献