Domestic Technologies, Materials, and Equipment for Decorative Coatings

Methods for the application of decorative coatings to bottles are described. Possibilities of servicing customers are shown, using decoration of bottles as an example.     

Preparation of blast-furnace Coke at PAO AKKhZ. Part 1

The preparation of blast-furnace coke in coke shop 1 at PAO Avdeevskii Koksokhimicheskii Zavod (AKKhZ) is analyzed. The content of the >80 mm class cannot be reduced to the required values without special crushing equipment. Initial data for the selection and design of screening and crushing equipment are obtained. On that basis, the coke-preparation system in coke shop 1 is reconstructed.     

Effect of the feeding frequency on protein metabolism in the skeletal muscles and liver of white rats]

A comparative investigation into the influence of 3 and 5 times a day feeding on the protein metabolism in the skeletal muscles and liver of albino rats was carried out. The dietary regimen with a greater frequency of feeding was found to be consonant with a higher concentration of total aminonitrogen and with a number of essential amino acids, as well as with a higer activity of asparate-aminotransferase in the study tissues. Along with this, there occurs a more intensive incorporation of radioactive leucine in the total proteins and basic proteinic fractions of the skeletal muscles and also augments specific radioactivity of the poly-A-containing informative RNA in polysomes and is in evidence shifting the ribosomal spectrum toward formation of polysomal complexes. The activation of proteinosynthesis observed with increasing frequency of feeding may be ascribed to a more uniform diurnal supply of nutrients to the organism.     

Template synthesis,structure, sorption properties and acidity of micro-mesoporous materials obtained from sol-precursor of zeolite BEA

Partially zeolitized micro-mesoporous materials (the total specific surface area S _BET  = 460–645 m²/g, mesopore volume V _meso  = 0.30–0.57 cm³/g, mesopore diameter D _meso  ≈ 5.6 nm, micropore volume V _micro  = 0.11–0.16 cm³/g, micropore diameter D _micro  ≈ 0.72 nm) and X-ray amorphous micro-mesoporous materials with uniform mesoporous structure (mesopore specific surface area S _meso  = 820–890 m²/g, total pore volume V _t  = 0.71–0.86 cm³/g, V _meso  = 0.53–0.67 cm³/g, D _meso  = 1.8–2.4 nm) were obtained by micellar templating of sol-precursor containing primary products of crystallization of zeolite BEA under conditions typical for forming of mesoporous molecular sieve MCM-41 (hydrothermal treatment at 100–130 °C for 3–5 days). It was found that the obtained X-ray amorphous micro-mesoporous materials contain secondary building units of zeolite BEA (five-membered rings of Si–O tetrahedra of BEA) and show acidic properties comparable to zeolite BEA.     

Artificial Rearing of Infant Mice Leads to n-3 Fatty Acid Deficiency in Cardiac,Neural and Peripheral Tissues

The ability to control the fatty acid content of the diet during early development is a crucial requirement for a one-generation model of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6n3) deficiency. A hand feeding method using artificial rearing (AR) together with sterile, artificial milk was employed for feeding mice from postnatal day 2–15. The pups were fed an n-3 fatty acid adequate (3% α-linolenic acid (LNA; 18:3n3) + 1% 22:6n3) or a deficient diet (0.06% 18:3n3) with linoleic acid (LA; 18:2n6) as the only dietary source of essential fatty acids by AR along with a dam-reared control group (3.1% 18:3n3). The results indicate that restriction of n-3 fatty acid intake during postnatal development leads to markedly lower levels of brain, retinal, liver, plasma and heart 22:6n3 at 20 weeks of age with replacement by docosapentaenoic acid (DPAn6; 22:5n6), arachidonic acid (ARA; 20:4n6) and docosatetraenoic acid (DTA; 22:4n6). A detailed analysis of phospholipid classes of heart tissue indicated that phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine and cardiolipin were the major repositories of 22:6n3, reaching 40, 29 and 15%, respectively. A novel heart cardiolipin species containing four 22:6n3 moieties is described. This is the first report of the application of artificially rearing to mouse pup nutrition; this technique will facilitate dietary studies of knockout animals as well as the study of essential fatty acid (EFA) functions in the cardiovascular, neural and other organ systems.     

Diblock copolymer healing

The issue of self-healing materials is of paramount importance due to its intrinsic scientific value, as well as potential applications in a wide variety of fields, such as manufacturing, medicine, and electronics. We have investigated the behavior of poly(styrene-b-methylmethacrylate) diblock copolymer, following deformation performed by a silicon atomic force microscopy tip. We observed the changes in the polymer as it was subsequently heated in situ, and found how diblock “scars” can heal. These observations give important guidance to efforts that seek to create nanostructures using these methods, while also revealing fundamental insights into the mechanisms of polymer repair on the nanoscale.     

Highly acidic phosphorus-containing porous carbons: synthesis and physicochemical properties

Phosphorus-containing carbon porous materials were obtained by pyrolysis of sucrose in the presence of phosphoric acid at a temperature 400 and 800 °C. Synthesized samples were characterized by elemental analysis, infrared spectroscopy, nitrogen adsorption–desorption, the measurement of cation-exchange capacity (CEC) and sorption capacity for lead ions, potentiometric titration. It was shown that phosphorus-containing carbon sorbents have acidic properties and they are characterized by high cation-exchange capacity (up to 5.9 mmol/g). The samples which were synthesized at 800 °C have the highest content of acid groups, as well as phosphorus and oxygen. Detected surface acidic groups are phosphorus-containing (pК ~1.7–1.9) and represent residua of acid phosphates and polyphosphates, connected with carbon framework. High CEC of synthesized materials can be attributed to a significant degree of phosphorylation of sucrose through the large number of hydroxyl groups. P-containing acid groups on the surface of carbon framework provide high adsorption of heavy metals ions (in particular lead). Thus, the obtained P-containing carbon sorbents can be used as effective cation-exchangers for the removal of cations of heavy metals from aqueous solutions.     

Rigorous analysis of whispering gallery mode frequency conversion because of time variation of refractive index in a spherical resonator

We investigate theoretically the switching effects for the whispering gallery modes in a spherical dielectric resonator when its material is subject to abrupt time change in permittivity. A rigorous analytical approach is used to study the transformation process. Details of both the transient response and the steady-state regime are described.     

Future sustainability forecasting by exchange markets: basic theory and an application

Setting sustainability targets and evaluating systems progress are of great importance nowadays due to threats to the human society, to economic development and to ecosystems, posed by unsustainable human activities. This research establishes a probabilistic theoretical approach based on market expectations reflected in prices of publicly traded securities to estimate the time horizon until the appearance of new technologies related to replacement of nonrenewable resources, for example, crude oil and oil products. To assess time T when technological innovations are likely to appear, we apply advanced pricing equations, based on a stochastic discount factor to those traded securities whose future cash flows critically depend on appearance of such innovations. In a simple approximation of the proposed approach applied to replacement of crude oil and oil products, we obtain T ≈ (P(0)(oil)/C(0))·ln (Δ·P(0)(oil)/P(0)(alt)), where P(0)(oil) and P(0)(alt) are the current aggregate market capitalizations of oil and alternative-energy companies, C(0) is the annual aggregate dividends that oil companies pay to their shareholders at the present, and Δ is the fraction of the oil (oil products) replaced at time T. This formula gives T ≈ 131 years for replacement of gasoline and diesel. The proposed market-expectations approach may allow policymakers to effectively develop policies and plan for long-term changes.