Effect of the feeding frequency on protein metabolism in the skeletal muscles and liver of white rats]

A comparative investigation into the influence of 3 and 5 times a day feeding on the protein metabolism in the skeletal muscles and liver of albino rats was carried out. The dietary regimen with a greater frequency of feeding was found to be consonant with a higher concentration of total aminonitrogen and with a number of essential amino acids, as well as with a higer activity of asparate-aminotransferase in the study tissues. Along with this, there occurs a more intensive incorporation of radioactive leucine in the total proteins and basic proteinic fractions of the skeletal muscles and also augments specific radioactivity of the poly-A-containing informative RNA in polysomes and is in evidence shifting the ribosomal spectrum toward formation of polysomal complexes. The activation of proteinosynthesis observed with increasing frequency of feeding may be ascribed to a more uniform diurnal supply of nutrients to the organism.     

Thermal dissolution of oil shale in benzene with an ethanol additive under supercritical conditions

The results of the thermal dissolution of oil shale from some deposits in Russia in a benzene solvent under supercritical conditions in a semiflow system are reported. It was found that the addition of ethanol significantly increased the yield of liquid products due to the hydrogenating and alkylating properties of the alcohol.     

Coagulation treatment of radioactively contaminated waters using sodium ferrate

Coprecipitation of U and Th from model solutions with Fe(III) formed by spontaneous reduction of sodium ferrate Na₂FeO₄ in aqueous solutions was studied, with the following conditions varied: pH of solution, radionuclide concentration, collector weight, keeping time, and solution composition. In decontamination of multicomponent solutions from these elements, sodium ferrate appeared to be more effective than Fe(III) compounds. The doubtless advantage of ferrate ion is its high oxidizing power. It is capable to decompose many toxic substances, in particular, to oxidize ammonium ions to free nitrogen. This property can be used in reprocessing of ammonia mother liquors. The results obtained with real LLW solutions allow sodium ferrate to be considered as a promising reagent for wastewater treatment. The experimental results were described using an ion-exchange model for recovering metals with oxyhydrate collectors.     

Domestic Technologies, Materials, and Equipment for Decorative Coatings

Methods for the application of decorative coatings to bottles are described. Possibilities of servicing customers are shown, using decoration of bottles as an example.     

Stoichiometry and doping effects on cation ordering in LiNbO3 crystals

The cation disorder in stoichiometric and congruent lithium niobate crystals and also in congruent crystals doped with Y³⁺ or Gd³⁺ has been studied by X-ray diffraction and Raman scattering spectroscopy using vacancy models. The results indicate that the structural disordering induced by doping with Y³⁺, revealed by both X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy, can be understood in terms of the mechanism of yttrium incorporation into the cation sublattice of the crystal. Yttrium substitution for Nb⁵⁺ on its normal lattice site causes Nb⁵⁺ to occupy vacant octahedra, thereby increasing the cation and vacancy disorder along the polar axis and distorting the octahedra because the ionic radius of Y³⁺ exceeds that of Nb⁵⁺.     

A Thermogravimetric Analysis Study of the Kuzbass Coals of Different Ranks

The coals of different ranks from the Kuznetsk Coal Basin were studied by thermogravimetric analysis in inert and oxidizing atmospheres. Correlations between thermal decomposition characteristics [maximum decomposition temperatures (T_max, °C), maximum rates of decomposition (Vmax, %/min), and sample weight losses in different temperature ranges (Δm, %)] and proximate analysis [yields of volatile substances (Vdaf, %)] and petrographic analysis [vitrinite reflectance (R_o)] data and NMR-spectroscopic data [aromaticity factor ( fa)] as the characteristics of the degree of maturity of the test coals were established.     

Computer Modeling System of the Industrial Diesel Fuel Catalytic Dewaxing Process

An unsteady mathematical model and a computer modeling system of the diesel fuel catalytic dewaxing process (mild hydrocracking) were developed. The modeling system allows for calculating the optimal technological mode to produce low‐freezing diesel fuel with the required cold filter plugging point taking into account the feedstock composition and catalyst activity. The modeling system consists of the main blocks: database, knowledge base, unsteady mathematical model of the diesel fuel catalytic dewaxing process, and application program package. Using the developed computer modeling system, the influence of the feedstock composition and flow rate as well as of the catalyst activity on the cold filter plugging point and the yield of diesel fuel is demonstrated.     

Effect of Oxygen Pressure on Phase Equilibria in the Lu–Mn–O System

The heterogeneous equilibria attained during thermal dissociation and hydrogen reduction of LuMnO₃ and LuMn₂O₅ are investigated using the static method (vacuum circulation setup) and X-ray powder diffraction analysis of quenched solid phases. It is found that the dissociation of LuMn₂O₅ proceeds in three stages. At the low-oxygen boundary of the homogeneity region of LuMn₂O₅, this compound dissociates into LuMnO₃ and Mn₃O₄ with the liberation of oxygen. Upon reduction, LuMnO₃ dissociates with the formation of Lu₂O₃ and MnO and the liberation of oxygen. Equations for the dissociation and reduction reactions of LuMn₂O₅ and LuMnO₃ are derived, and mass balance equations for these processes are written. A fragment of the isothermal section of the phase diagram of the Lu–Mn–O system at a temperature of 900°C is constructed in the composition–oxygen pressure coordinates.     

Modification of the organic matter of brown coals with nitrous oxide

The results of the treatment of brown coals from the Kansk-Achinsk Basin in an atmosphere of nitrous oxide are given. It was established that the main products of nitrous oxide interaction with the organic matter of brown coal are soluble low-molecular-weight products (ketones and aromatic acids) and oxodiazoline structures in a coal matrix. The thermal-oxidative degradation of terminal oxygen-containing groups, which accompanied this process, facilitated the formation of strong crosslinks and the strengthening of a supramolecular structure.