Attachement, contr?le parental et comportements des adolescents en relation de conseillance.

This study examined the relation between attachment and parental control experiences and the behaviours shown by adolescents in a counselling relationship. The sample was made up of 130 students and 19 counsellors participating in a counselling program offerred during the first college semester. Results showed that attachment to parents predicts some types of behaviour in counselling as a function of the quality of the attachment link. Results are discussed in reference to the attachment theory and the literature on parental control. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Time course of peptide fingerprints in semimembranosus and biceps femoris muscles during Bayonne ham processing

The aim of this work was to define reliable markers of muscle and processing time in dry-cured ham using a rapid, precise semi quantitative method for the protein fraction soluble in low ionic strength buffer. For this purpose protein labchip Agilent was used to separate proteins and peptides and accurately determine their molecular weights and concentrations electrophoretically. In this way the protein fingerprinting of dry-cured ham at different process times was characterised, together with targets and products of proteolysis. In addition, the comparison of all the electrophoregrams indicated muscle and dry-curing process markers.     

Influence of emulsion composition on lubrication capacity and texture perception

The role of fat content and type of surfactant for oral friction processes and texture perception of oil-in-water emulsions was assessed. Emulsions at 22% and 33% fat content containing either sodium caseinate or a sucrose ester as emulsifier were compared with viscosity-adapted aqueous solutions of dextran using both sensory evaluation and friction coefficient measurements on a tongue-palate contact model. The impact of saliva on the emulsion droplet size distribution was studied using tribology, differential interference contrast microscopy and light diffraction measurements. Emulsions at 33% and the corresponding iso-viscous aqueous solutions were discriminated in the sensory experiment whereas emulsions at 22% were not. Friction was significantly different for emulsions at 33% and the corresponding iso-viscous aqueous solutions. The difference was not significant for emulsions with 22% fat level when compared with the iso-viscous aqueous solutions. Saliva significantly decreased the friction coefficient of emulsions depending on the surfactant and amount of fat used.     

Physico-chemical characterisation of a non-conventional food protein source from earthworms and sensory impact in arepas

This study aimed to characterise a non-conventional protein source: a powder made from earthworms, and to evaluate its potential use as human food. The way it was prepared led to low solubility and wide particle size distribution. Sensory analysis was used to assess the acceptability and the organoleptic properties of maize-based pan-cakes fortified with this novel protein powder. Satisfying products were obtained with a substitution level of 5.5% (w/w) earthworm powder in pan-cakes. GC-MS allowed the identification of more than seventy volatile compounds that may be responsible for the off-odour of the powder. The most abundant chemical groups found in the volatile fraction were ketones with undecan-2-one, alcohols with pentan-1-ol, and aldehydes with hexanal. Partial delipidation was tested as a way to improve the organoleptic quality of the powder. It clearly led to less intensely coloured samples but delipidation must be optimised to have an impact on odour.     

Concomitant use of liquid–liquid batch and continuous plug flow reactors for kinetic model discrimination. Application to the Rh/TPPTS catalysed reduction of the C–C double bond in dimethylitaconate

The biphasic catalytic reduction of the C–C double bond of dimethylitaconate with a water soluble rhodium/triphenylphosphinetrisulphonated sodium salt (TPPTS) complex is investigated. Kinetic studies in a well-mixed batch reactor provide kinetics parameters and an activation energy of 71 kJ mol⁻¹ but cannot discriminate between a first order or a complex kinetic model within the range of substrate concentration where the approximation of linear liquid/liquid partition is respected. Catalytic tests in the centrifugal partition chromatograph (CPC) reactor under steady-state operations in chemical regime and plug flow mode allow discriminating the kinetic models, the complex kinetic rate law being preferred.     

Loisirs et santé mentale: les relations entre la motivation pour la pratique des loisirs et le bien-être psychologique.

Studied interactions between motivations for leisure activities and psychological well-being to test the hypothesis that a high degree of motivational self-determination is associated with a high level of psychological functioning. 463 secondary school students (mean age 17 yrs) completed a questionnaire assessing their intrinsic and extrinsic motivation for different types of leisure activities. The types of motivation differed with regard to their levels of self-determination. Results were analyzed in relation to questionnaire data on psychological well-being. The Motivation for Leisure Scale (L. G. Pelletier et al, 1994) and the Index of Psychological Well-Being (Pelletier et al) were used. (English abstract) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Comparaison de l'elimination de molecules organiques par coagulation-floculation et par adsorption sur flocs d'hydroxyde metallique preformes

The coagulation process is traditionally described in terms of the destabilization of colloids present in a water supply. Many studies show that coagulants are not only used to destabilize organic or inorganic colloidal particles, but also to remove natural organic matter. The removal of this organic matter from the bulk water can occur by direct precipitation or by adsorption of the organic matter onto metal hydroxides. The goal of this study is to compare the removal of organic compounds by coagulation and by adsorption onto preformed flocs with aluminium and iron salts who are the most used coagulants in drinking water treatment.Various studies (Chadick and Amy, 1987; Dentel and Gosset, 1988; Edwards and Amirtharajah, 1985; Hundt and O'Melia, 1988; Jekel, 1986; Randtke, 1988; Tipping et al., 1988) have been reported concerning the removal of humic substances and the removal of low molecular weight compounds (Lefebvre, 1990; Lefebvre et al., 1990).Only a few studies show the interactions between preformed hydroxide flocs surface and these organic compounds.     

Near‐infrared spectroscopy for the determination of lipid oxidation in cereal food products

The present study was aimed at determining the ability of near‐infrared (NIR) spectroscopy to in situ describe fat oxidation kinetics in three different cereal‐based products: salted crackers (20% saturated palm oil and lauric oil, sprayed on surface); healthy crackers (10% unsaturated rapeseed oil, homogeneously distributed inside the product matrix); and moist pasteurised Asian noodles (1.5% unsaturated rapeseed oil, sprayed on surface). Products were stored under accelerated oxidation conditions at 40 °C. Lipid oxidation rates were determined from peroxide value (PV) measurements. We observed no significant changes in PV for the dry crackers (3 meq/kg after 60 days), a slight linear increase in PV for the healthy crackers (40 meq/kg after 60 days), and a rapid increase for the Asian noodles (80 meq/kg after 20 days). The NIR spectra were recorded between 1000 and 2500 nm by using a Fourier Transform NIR spectrometer, using an external probe. Measurements were done directly in situ on the product, on the ground samples, and on the extracted fat phase. The analysis of NIR spectral data by PLS statistical methods demonstrated some correlation trends (R² = 0.575–0.897; RMSEC = 17–55%) for the products having a significant increase in PV. It was not possible to propose predictive models to calculate the oxidation rate.     

Effects of discrete emotions on young children's ability to discern fantasy and reality.

This study examined 3- to 5-year-olds' (N = 128; 54% girls) ability to discriminate emotional fantasy and reality. Children viewed images depicting fantastic or real events that elicited several emotions, reported whether each event could occur, and rated their emotional reaction to the image. Children were also administered the Play Behavior Questionnaire and Pretend Action Tasks to assess play behaviors. Findings revealed age-related improvements in performance and biases in judgment based on the emotion depicted. Children reported that happy fantastic events could occur significantly more often than frightening and angry fantastic events and that happy real events could occur significantly more often than frightening and angry real events. Children's emotional reactions to the images but not play behaviors were significantly related to their fantasy-reality distinctions. Implications for the relation between emotions and children's fantasy-reality distinctions are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)