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41.
42.
Luís Pires Neves António Gomes Martins Carlos Henggeler Antunes Luís Cândido Dias 《Energy Policy》2008
This paper proposes a multi-criteria decision approach for sorting energy-efficiency initiatives, promoted by electric utilities, with or without public funds authorized by a regulator, or promoted by an independent energy agency, overcoming the limitations and drawbacks of cost–benefit analysis. The proposed approach is based on the ELECTRE-TRI multi-criteria method and allows the consideration of different kinds of impacts, although avoiding difficult measurements and unit conversions. The decision is based on all the significant effects of the initiative, both positive and negative, including ancillary effects often forgotten in cost–benefit analysis. The ELECTRE-TRI, as most multi-criteria methods, provides to the decision maker the ability of controlling the relevance each impact can have on the final decision in a transparent way. The decision support process encompasses a robustness analysis, which, together with a good documentation of the parameters supplied into the model, should support sound decisions. The models were tested with a set of real-world initiatives and compared with possible decisions based on cost–benefit analysis. 相似文献
43.
The complexation agent 2[-bis-(pyridylmethyl) aminomethyl]-4-methyl-6-formyl-phenol (HL) was immobilized in chitosan in order to obtain a new adsorbent material to be employed in studies on adsorption and pre-concentration of Cu(II). The chitosan modified by the complexation agent was characterized by infrared spectroscopy, DSC and TGA. The studies were conducted as a function of the pH of the medium and the mechanism of Cu(II) adsorption in the solid phase was analyzed utilizing several kinetic models. The parameters for the adsorption of Cu(II) ions by chitosan-HL were determined with a Langmuir isotherm, the maximum saturation capacity of the monolayer being 109.4 mg of Cu(II) per gram of polymer. Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy revealed that CuII ions coordinate to the donor atoms of the HL ligand anchored to the surface of the polymer forming a stable chelate complex in the solid state. 相似文献
44.
Suellen Cadorin Fernandes Iolanda Cruz Vieira Ademir Neves 《Electrochimica acta》2010,55(23):7152-7157
A gold electrode surface was modified using a dinuclear copper complex [CuII2 (Ldtb)(μ-OCH3)](BPh4) and then coated with a chitosan film. This biomimetic polymer film-coated electrode was employed to eliminate the interference from ascorbic acid and uric acid in the sensitive and selective determination of dopamine. The optimized conditions obtained for the biomimetic electrode were 0.1 M phosphate buffer solution (pH 8.0), complex concentration of 2.0 × 10−4 M, 0.1% of chitosan and 0.25% of glyoxal. Under the optimum conditions, the calibration curve was linear in the concentration range of 4.99 × 10−7 to 1.92 × 10−5 M, and detection and quantification limits were 3.57 × 10−7 M and 1.07 × 10−6 M, respectively. The recovery study gave values of 95.2-102.6%. The lifetime of this biomimetic sensor showed apparent loss of activity after 70 determinations. The results obtained with the modified electrode for dopamine quantification in the injection solution matrix were in good agreement with those of the pharmacopoeia method. 相似文献
45.
A.M. Luís M.C. Neves M.H. Mendonça O.C. Monteiro 《Materials Chemistry and Physics》2011,125(1-2):20-25
Nanocrystalline titanium dioxide (TiO2) powders with different crystal phase composition were obtained by controlled hydrolysis and post-thermal treatments. The physicochemical properties of the powders were investigated by XRD, TEM/EDS, N2 physic adsorption and DRS. The results obtained show that the particle size and crystalline structure are parameters strongly dependent on the calcination conditions, mainly temperature and heating rate. The influence of the TiO2 phase composition on its photocatalytic activity, concerning the methylene blue photodegradation was studied. It was found that higher TiO2 photocatalytic activity is related with the co-existence of the three TiO2 polymorphs: anatase, brookite and rutile. 相似文献
46.
Tackling climate change is a growing concern of our society. Although action is needed at all levels of governance, local authorities play a key role in climate action. The creation of sustainable energy and climate action plans at the local level are recent trends that show increasing local commitment. During the last decade, several municipalities have started to develop plans, but surprisingly little systematic technical guidance has been provided to them. As part of an effort to develop tools to assist energy planning at the local level, this study addresses the role of indicators in energy planning. This paper aims to propose a framework of local energy sustainability indicators to be used both as an assessment and as an action-planning tool. A literature review of existing sets of sustainability indicators and the testing of the selected indicators with pilot municipalities has led to a framework composed by 18 indicators. The indicators proposed were developed by having into consideration, besides relevance, their potential use as decision criteria for identifying the most effective actions for local energy planning. The paper also investigates the presence of the proposed indicators in existing local sustainability assessment initiatives and energy and climate action plans as well as the purpose for which they were being used in the plans. The analysis of 10 local energy and climate action plans has revealed that local authorities are using indicators mostly for diagnosis purposes, paying less attention to monitoring. Using indicators as decision criteria to choose the actions to be included in the action plan is not yet a common practice. It was also found that only a small number of the indicators proposed in this paper were already considered in the action plans analysed. 相似文献
47.
Sergio Neves Monteiro Felipe Perissé Duarte Lopes Anderson Paula Barbosa Alice Barreto Bevitori Isabela Leão Amaral Da Silva Lucas Lopes Da Costa 《Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A》2011,42(10):2963-2974
Recent investigations on the tensile properties of natural cellulose-based fibers revealed an increasing potential as engineering
materials. This is particularly the case of very thin fibers of some species such as sisal, ramie, and curaua. However, several
other commonly used fibers such as flax, jute, hemp, coir, cotton, and bamboo as well as less known bagasse, piassava, sponge
gourde, and buriti display tensile properties that could qualify them as engineering materials. An overview of the strength
limits attained by these fibers is presented. Based on a tensile strength vs density chart, it is shown that natural fibers stand out as a relevant class of engineering materials. 相似文献
48.
Elena Heister Vera Neves Carmen Tîlmaciu Vanesa Sanz Beltrán Helen M. Coley Johnjoe McFadden 《Carbon》2009,47(9):2152-2160
Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) have been identified as a transporter for anti-cancer drugs, as they are capable of penetrating mammalian cell membranes and allow for a high drug loading due to their nanoscale dimensions and high aspect ratio. In addition, they can assist the targeting of therapeutic agents to the desired site of action by conjugation to antibodies or ligands of cancer cell surface receptors, which increases the effectiveness of the treatment and reduces side effects. In this work, we present a method for the triple functionalisation of oxidised SWCNTs with the anti-cancer drug doxorubicin, a monoclonal antibody, and a fluorescent marker at non-competing binding sites. The proposed methodology allows for the targeted delivery of the anti-cancer drug to cancer cells and the visualisation of the cellular uptake of SWCNTs by confocal microscopy. We show that the complex is efficiently taken up by cancer cells with subsequent intracellular release of doxorubicin, which then translocates to the nucleus while the nanotubes remain in the cytoplasm. 相似文献
49.
The (1,4,8,11-tetramethyl-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetra-decane)nickel(I), [Ni(tmc)]+, electrogenerated at glassy carbon cathodes is shown to be an effective catalyst for the intramolecular radical-type cyclisation of bromoalkoxylated derivatives 1 in alcohol and/or alcohol/water mixtures as well as in microemulsions made with cationic and anionic surfactants. The results obtained indicate that the reaction proceeds via cleavage of the carbon–bromine bond to form a radical-type intermediate that undergoes cyclisation on the unsaturated C–C bond to afford substituted tetrahydrofurans. The reactions are more selective and take place at higher current density than when carried out in conventional aprotic solvents. 相似文献
50.
Elisângela Lopes Galvão Julian Martínez Humberto Neves Maia de Oliveira 《Chemical Engineering Communications》2013,200(2):205-221
The aim of the present study was to use supercritical technology to recover linseed oil (Linum usitatissimum L.) using carbon dioxide (alone or modified with ethanol as solvent) to determine the influence of the technique on the chemical composition of the oil obtained, model the kinetic curves of extraction, and estimate the manufacturing cost of the process. The experiments were conducted at 323 K, pressure of 25 MPa, constant solvent flow of 1.7 × 10?5 kg/s, and extraction time of 5 h. The highest yield was obtained with the addition of cosolvent (28.8%). The SFE process of linseed oil manufacture proved to be economically viable, resulting in a product with a specific cost of 13.21 US$/kgoil. As to oil composition, the main fatty acids detected were linolenic and oleic acid. 相似文献