Getting a grip on numbers: Numerical magnitude priming in object grasping.

To investigate the functional connection between numerical cognition and action planning, the authors required participants to perform different grasping responses depending on the parity status of Arabic digits. The results show that precision grip actions were initiated faster in response to small numbers, whereas power grips were initiated faster in response to large numbers. Moreover, analyses of the grasping kinematics reveal an enlarged maximum grip aperture in the presence of large numbers. Reaction time effects remained present when controlling for the number of fingers used while grasping but disappeared when participants pointed to the object. The data indicate a priming of size-related motor features by numerals and support the idea that representations of numbers and actions share common cognitive codes within a generalized magnitude system. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

PICKLE ROOM CONTROL FOR PORCELAIN ENAMELING PLANTS1

A procedure for pickle room control for porcelain enameling plants is outlined and “make up” for four cleaning solutions are given in detail.     

Modeling discrete event systems with state-dependent deterministic service times

In this paper extensions to the numerical solution method of deterministic and stochastic Petri nets (DSPNs) are introduced in order to cope with deterministic transitions with marking-dependent firing delays. The basic idea lies in scaling each row of the generator matrix of the Markov chain subordinated to a deterministic transition with marking-dependent firing delay by the delay value corresponding to this marking. Computational formulas of this solution method are implemented in the software package DSPNexpress which completely automates the solution process of DSPNs. The extended modeling power of DSPNs is illustrated by a single-server queuing system with Poisson arrivals, degradable deterministic service requirements, and finite capacity. Christoph Lindemann was supported by the Federal Ministry for Research and Technology of Germany (BMFT) and by the German Research Council (DFG) under grants ITR9003 and Ho 1257/2-1, respectively. Reinhard German was supported by Siemens Corporate Research and Development and by a doctoral fellowship from the German Research Council (DFG) under grant Ho 1257/1-2.     

Topology optimization of regions of Darcy and Stokes flow

This paper treats the topology optimization problem of obtaining an optimal layout of regions of Darcy and Stokes flow, where the objective is the total potential power functional representing average fluid pressure. It extends the work of Borrvall and Petersson, which concerned optimal layout of Stokes flow only. A generalization of Stokes' equations is derived and used as state constraints in the optimization problem. A proof of existence of solutions is provided, and it is seen that although the corresponding proof in Borrvall and Petersson does not need regularization, the present one does. It is also concluded that linear interpolations of state parameters will result in black and white (unfiltered) designs. The method is tested on an area‐to‐point flow problem of the type discussed by Bejan, where the influence of various parameters and numerical strategies on the design are studied. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

设计与计算的双向集成

 在CAD系统与计算程序协同工作中发生的数据交换，应理想地沿两个方向进行，以支持产品开发过程，
这通常称为“双向数据交换”．然而，如何对此概念准确理解，学术界在表述上都不尽相同．原本意义上的单向数据
交换，可以按序反向地进行，而被说成是“双向”的．这样，在一种事实上每时每刻都沿双向进行的数据交换之外，还
存在一个相同的提法． 然而，这两种方案有根本区别的． 由此，对概念进行区分，并指出其差别．     

Pyrolysis of poly(methyl methacrylate co ethyl acrylate)

An investigation of the behavior of poly(methyl methacrylate co ethyl acrylate) with a commercially available filament-type pyrolysis unit and gas chromatogaph was conducted. It has been hypothesized that the quantity of ethyl acrylate monomer produced under the conditions of the experiment is dependent upon the number of ethyl acrylate–methyl methacrylate bonds contained in the copolymer. These observations were made possible by a standardized samples-handling technique in which a uniformsize disk was pyrolyzed at a maximum pyrolysis temperature of 600°C. This enabled reproducible pyrolysis gas chromatograms to be obtained and permitted pyrolysis products of copolymers containing different ratios of ethyl acrylate and methyl methacrylate to be compared. An examination of sequence distribution data, obtained with the aid of a sequence distribution program for copolymers, showed sufficient agreement with the pyrolysis data to support the hypothesis. It has been demonstrated that pyrolysis gas chromatography may be applied to experimentally determine the sequence distribution of copolymers.     

Erythropoiesis inhibiting factor(s) (EIF). The specificity and toxicity of urinary EIF studied in vivo and in vitro

The specificity and toxicity of the urinary erythropoiesis inhibiting factor (EIF) has been tested both in vivo and in vitro. When EIF was given to ESF stimulated erythropoietically suppressed polycythaemic mice and to mice at maximal endogenous erythropoietic stimulation, a reduction of the erythroid bone marrow cells, the erythropoietic 3H-TdR L.I. and the total number of bone marrow cells were observed. No effect was seen on the myelopoietic bone marrow cells. An unspecific toxic effect was unlikely, since addition of EIF did not alter the proliferation of lymphoblastic cells nor change the glucose utilization of bone marrow cells in vitro. Neither did the amount of dead bone marrow cells increase after being incubated with EIF for 72 h. The results indicate that the urinary EIF is a non-toxic, cell specific inhibitor on erythropoiesis.     

Conforming behavior of psychiatric and medical patients.

"A group of ten non-psychotic psychiatric patients in the open ward of a general hospital was compared with seven medical patients without disabling psychiatric symptoms, with respect to the variability of their judgments of the autokinetic phenomenon… . The results indicated that neurotic Ss were consistently more variable than nonneurotic Ss in their judgments and were less affected by the group influence." (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Non-linear mixed-effects pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modelling in NLME using differential equations

The standard software for non-linear mixed-effect analysis of pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) data is NONMEM while the non-linear mixed-effects package NLME is an alternative as long as the models are fairly simple. We present the nlmeODE package which combines the ordinary differential equation (ODE) solver package odesolve and the non-linear mixed effects package NLME thereby enabling the analysis of complicated systems of ODEs by non-linear mixed-effects modelling. The pharmacokinetics of the anti-asthmatic drug theophylline is used to illustrate the applicability of the nlmeODE package for population PK/PD analysis using the available data analysis tools in R for model inspection and validation. The nlmeODE package is numerically stable and provides accurate parameter estimates which are consistent with NONMEM estimates.