Relationships as natural categories.

Five experiments assessed the hypothesis that perceivers spontaneously organize social information around relationship categories. Ss were exposed to information items (structured in 3 formats) about each of 8 targets. Half of the Ss were told that the targets were 4 married couples, and the couple members were identified (married couple condition). The remaining Ss received the target information in the same sequence, but were informed that targets were married to an unspecified other (yoked couple condition). Ss free recalled the information and matched the information items with the target names. Ss cognitively organized the information around married couple categories more so than yoked couple categories and confused married couple members with one another more so than yoked couple members. Formation of relationship categories occurred at the encoding rather than the retrieval stage. The hypothesis that relationships serve as natural categories was strongly supported. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

An experimental study and a thermodynamic evaluation of the Fe-Cr-Mo system

An experimental study of the Fe-Cr-Mo system has been made using a diffusion couple technique. Both ends of a large number of tie-lines have been determined using both an electron microprobe and a scanning electron microscope with energy dispersive X-ray analysis equipment. The isothermal sections at 1223, 1273, 1373, and 1473 K have been constructed from the experimental data and thermodynamic model calculations. The Gibbs energy of the intermetallic phases has been described with a recently developed model for phases with several sublattices. The parameter values describing the Gibbs energy of each individual phase were determined with a computerized optimization technique. The calculated phase diagrams are in satisfactory agreement with the experimental information and allow reasonable extrapolation outside the experimental temperature range.     

Phase, microstructure evolution and sintering of Sr-doped TiB2 precursors

Precursors for the preparation of bulk Sr-doped TiB₂ composites were synthesized by modified Pechini method. The high temperature behaviour of homogeneous Sr-Ti-B-C-O gels was investigated in the range 1200-1650 °C. DTA-TG analysis of the precursor powder shows two steps of the carbothermal reduction with endothermic peaks at temperatures of 1335 °C and 1500 °C. The influence of strontium content (2, 5, 10, 20 and 50 mol.%) on the phase composition and morphology of powders at 1650 °C was studied.Due to the shift of TiB₂ diffractions and the detection of strontium in TiB₂ grains by EDX analysis the formation of Ti_1 − xSr_xB₂ solid solution is assumed in the Sr-doped powders. Finally, Sr-doped TiB₂ composites were inductive hot-pressed from the as prepared powders at 1900 °C for 7 min. The formation of SrTiO₃ phase in the powders is serving as a sintering aid during the preparation of bulk Sr-Ti-B composites. The exaggerated grain growth (grain size up to ∼60 μm) occurs during the sintering with increasing content of strontium in the precursor.     

The neuropathology of everyday life: The frequency of partial seizure symptoms among normals.

Investigated the phenomenology of partial seizure-like symptoms in 3 studies. Although the findings from Study 1 with 661 undergraduates and Study 2 with 435 undergraduates demonstrated that normal individuals do report experiencing partial seizure-like phenomena, such symptoms are quite infrequent. Increased levels of symptom reporting were observed in healthy young adults who had experienced various risk factors for cerebral dysfunction (e.g., loss of consciousness due to head trauma, severe febrile illness in adulthood or adolescence). In Study 3, 15 selected brain-injured patients reported a breadth and frequency of partial seizure-like symptomatology that surpassed the limits of normal variability. Findings support the proposition that experiencing of partial seizure phenomena can be conceptualized on a continuum ranging from a healthy, essentially symptom-free state to overt central nervous system (CNS) dysfunction with multiple partial seizure symptoms. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Wide Scale Characterization and Modeling of the Vibration and Damping Behavior of CFRP-Elastomer-Metal Laminates—Comparison and Discussion of Different Test Setups

Applied Composite Materials - The investigated hybrid carbon fiber reinforced plastics-elastomer-metal laminates (HyCEML) offer the potential of tailored structural materials with adaptable damping...     

Risk Governance of Emerging Technologies Demonstrated in Terms of its Applicability to Nanomaterials

Nanotechnologies have reached maturity and market penetration that require nano‐specific changes in legislation and harmonization among legislation domains, such as the amendments to REACH for nanomaterials (NMs) which came into force in 2020. Thus, an assessment of the components and regulatory boundaries of NMs risk governance is timely, alongside related methods and tools, as part of the global efforts to optimise nanosafety and integrate it into product design processes, via Safe(r)‐by‐Design (SbD) concepts. This paper provides an overview of the state‐of‐the‐art regarding risk governance of NMs and lays out the theoretical basis for the development and implementation of an effective, trustworthy and transparent risk governance framework for NMs. The proposed framework enables continuous integration of the evolving state of the science, leverages best practice from contiguous disciplines and facilitates responsive re‐thinking of nanosafety governance to meet future needs. To achieve and operationalise such framework, a science‐based Risk Governance Council (RGC) for NMs is being developed. The framework will provide a toolkit for independent NMs' risk governance and integrates needs and views of stakeholders. An extension of this framework to relevant advanced materials and emerging technologies is also envisaged, in view of future foundations of risk research in Europe and globally.     

New bounds and algorithms for the transshipment yard scheduling problem

In a modern rail?Crail transshipment yard huge gantry cranes transship containers between different freight trains, so that hub-and-spoke railway systems are enabled. In this context, we consider the transshipment yard scheduling problem (TYSP) where trains have to be assigned to bundles, which jointly enter and leave the yard. The objective is to minimize split moves and revisits. Split moves appear whenever containers have to be exchanged between trains of different bundles, whereas revisits occur if a train has to enter the yard twice, because some container dedicated to this train was not available during its first visit. We extend the basic TYSP, so that additional real-world requirements of modern rail?Crail yards, e.g., the one currently constructed in Hannover-Lehrte, are considered. We provide complexity proofs for different problem settings and present several heuristic procedures as well as one exact algorithm. The paper concludes with computational results showing the efficiency of the proposed algorithms.     

Automated Known-Plaintext Cryptanalysis of Short Hagelin M-209 Messages

The Hagelin M-209 portable encryption device was used by the U.S. Army in World War II and the Korean War, as well as by other armies and in embassy settings. In this article, a fully automated, computerized known-plaintext attack is presented. It is based on hillclimbing and a novel fitness function: the aggregate displacement error. Performance evaluation shows that this attack is able to recover key settings for messages as short as 50 characters. To validate these results, several publicly available challenge messages were solved with this method, including a message with only 40 letters.