基于最小二次支持向量机数据驱动的Hammerstein系统故障诊断与分离方法

本文在最小二乘支持向量机(LS-SVM)框架,针对Hammerstein非线性系统,设计了一种数据驱动故障诊断与分离(FDI)方法。具体内容包括:构造单适当的输出系统设计基于等价空间的残差生成器,进一步将残差生成器扩展至多输出情况。为了解决实时监控问题,通过低阶和稀疏逼近理论构造半参数残差生成器,此残差生成器带有参数动力学方程和非参数静态函数。在半参数框架下,通过设计参数化矩阵重构实现对传感器/执行器故障的检测与分离。最后,本文给出一个仿真实例验证了所提方法的有效性和实用性。     

超音速喷嘴变工况性能分析与试验研究

采用数值模拟方法对超音速喷嘴的变工况性能进行了分析,研究了不同压比下速度系数以及喷嘴内部流场的变化规律得到了,设计工况下喷嘴的速度系数(0.96)和总压恢复系数(0.87)。为进一步掌握超音速喷嘴的气动性能,进行了平面叶栅风洞试验,测量了不同压比下叶片表面马赫数分布,结合数值模拟结果,分析了叶栅通道内的流场特性。在超音速喷嘴出口截面处,由于膨胀波组等因素的影响,吸力面将产生马赫数拐点,并随着压比的减小逐渐后移;当偏离设计压比时,叶栅吸力面将出现汽流分离;通过叶栅S1流面纹影照片,观察到了叶栅槽道内的波系构成,与数值模拟结果具有较高的一致性。试验结果验证了数值计算的准确性。     

OBSERVATION ON MICROSTRUCTURE OF LASER MELTED TRANSITION ZONE

The surface alloying specimen was made from the steel 45 substrate overcoating byoxygen-acetylene flame spraying Fe-Cr-Ni alloy powder and laser remelting.The chemicalheterogeneity was clearly observed on the transition zone between the laser melted zone andheat-affected zone by means of EPMA,AES and SEM.This heterogeneity is rather seriousduring high temperature tempering,so the decarburization on the transition zone side and therecarburization on the melted zone side were found.     

Comparative Antiseizure Analysis of Diverse Natural Coumarin Derivatives in Zebrafish

Coumarins are a well-known group of plant secondary metabolites with various pharmacological activities, including antiseizure activity. In the search for new antiseizure drugs (ASDs) to treat epilepsy, it is yet unclear which types of coumarins are particularly interesting as a systematic analysis has not been reported. The current study performed behavioral antiseizure activity screening of 18 different coumarin derivatives in the larval zebrafish pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) model using locomotor measurements. Activity was confirmed for seven compounds, which lowered seizure-like behavior as follows: oxypeucedanin 38%, oxypeucedanin hydrate 74%, notopterol 54%, nodakenetin 29%, hyuganin C 35%, daphnoretin 65%, and pimpinellin 60%. These coumarins, together with nodakenin, underwent further antiepileptiform analysis by local field potential recordings from the zebrafish opticum tectum (midbrain). All of them, except for nodakenetin, showed pronounced antiepileptiform activity, decreasing PTZ-induced elevation in power spectral density (PSD) by 83–89% for oxypeucedanin, oxypeucedanin hydrate, and notopterol, 77% for nodakenin, 26% for nodakenetin, 65% for hyuganin C, 88% for daphnoretin, and 81% for pimpinellin. These data demonstrate the potential of diverse coumarin scaffolds for ASD discovery. Finally, the structural differences between active and inactive coumarins were investigated in silico for oxypeucedanin hydrate and byacangelicin for their interaction with GABA-transaminase, a hypothetical target.     

Optimization of Advanced Live-Cell Imaging through Red/Near-Infrared Dye Labeling and Fluorescence Lifetime-Based Strategies

Fluorescence microscopy is essential for a detailed understanding of cellular processes; however, live-cell preservation during imaging is a matter of debate. In this study, we proposed a guide to optimize advanced light microscopy approaches by reducing light exposure through fluorescence lifetime (τ) exploitation of red/near-infrared dyes. Firstly, we characterized key instrumental elements which revealed that red/near-infrared laser lines with an 86x (Numerical Aperture (NA) = 1.2, water immersion) objective allowed high transmission of fluorescence signals, low irradiance and super-resolution. As a combination of two technologies, i.e., vacuum tubes (e.g., photomultiplier) and semiconductor microelectronics (e.g., avalanche photodiode), type S, X and R of hybrid detectors (HyD-S, HyD-X and HyD-R) were particularly adapted for red/near-infrared photon counting and τ separation. Secondly, we tested and compared lifetime-based imaging including coarse τ separation for confocal microscopy, fitting and phasor plot analysis for fluorescence lifetime microscopy (FLIM), and lifetimes weighting for enhanced stimulated emission depletion (STED) nanoscopy, in light of red/near-infrared multiplexing. Mainly, we showed that the choice of appropriate imaging approach may depend on fluorochrome number, together with their spectral/lifetime characteristics and STED compatibility. Photon-counting mode and sensitivity of HyDs together with phasor plot analysis of fluorescence lifetimes enabled the flexible and fast imaging of multi-labeled living H28 cells. Therefore, a combination of red/near-infrared dyes labeling with lifetime-based strategies offers new perspectives for live-cell imaging by enhancing sample preservation through acquisition time and light exposure reduction.     

Induced structural modifications in ZnS nanowires via physical state of catalyst:Highlights of 15R crystal phase

Peculiar and unique growth mechanisms involved in semiconductor nanowires(NWs)pave the way to the achievement of new crystallographic phases and remarkable material properties,and hence,studying polytypism in semiconductor NWs arouses a strong interest for the next generation of electronic and photonic applications.In this context,the growth of ZnS nanowires has been investigated,as bulk ZnS compound exhibits numerous unstable polytypes at high temperatures,but their stable occurrence is highly anticipated in a nanowire due to its special quasi-dimensional shape and growth modes.In this work,the idea is to provide a change in the growth mechanism via the physical state of catalyst droplet(liquid or solid)and hence,study the induced structural modifications in ZnS nanowires.The HRTEM images of VLS(via liquid alloyed catalyst)grown ZnS NWs show periodic stacking faults,which is precisely identified as a stacking sequence of cubic or hexagonal individual planes leading to an astonishing 15R crystal polymorph.This crystallographic phase is observed for the first time in nanowires.Contrastingly,NWs grown with VSS(via solid catalyst)show crystal polytypes of zinc blende and wurtzite.We calculate and discuss the role of cohesive energies in the formation of such ZnS polytypes.Further,we present the selection rules for the crystallization of such 15R structure in NWs and discuss the involved VLS and VSS growth mechanisms leading to the formation of different crystal phases.     

Analysis of Flax Fiber Cell-Wall Non-Cellulosic Polysaccharides Under Different Weather Conditions (Marylin Variety)

The cell-wall composition has been analyzed for 13 batches of flax fibers grown over 3 years under 3 different weather conditions including a ‘normal one, a harsh drought and a rainy weather. It was found that both stresses, drought and excess of rain induced a decrease of uronic acid in the matrix and an increase of the structuring pectins. Besides, a drought led to an increase of hemicellulose polysaccharides (+24%) whereas an excess of rainfall caused a rise in the amount of so-called structuring pectins (+67%). As the fiber’s mechanical properties remained the same over the years, it was assumed that the cell-wall composition was modified to preserve the mechanical role of the fiber in the stem.     

Simultaneous quantitative analysis of metabolites using ion-pair liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry

We have developed an analytical method, consisting of ion-pair liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (IP-LC-ESI-MS), for the simultaneous quantitative analysis of several key classes of polar metabolites, like nucleotides, coenzyme A esters, sugar nucleotides, and sugar bisphosphates. The use of the ion-pair agent hexylamine and optimization of the pH of the mobile phases were critical parameters in obtaining good retention and peak shapes of many of the above-mentioned polar and acidic metabolites that are impossible to analyze using standard reversed-phase LC/MS. Optimum conditions were found when using a gradient from 5 mM hexylamine in water (pH 6.3) to 90% methanol/10% 10 mM ammonium acetate (pH 8.5). The IP-LC-ESI-MS method was extensively validated by determining the linearity (R2 > 0.995), sensitivity (limit of detection 0.1-1 ng), repeatability, and reproducibility (relative standard deviation <10%). The IP-LC-ESI-MS method was shown to be a useful tool for microbial metabolomics, i.e., the comprehensive quantitative analysis of metabolites in extracts of microorganisms, and for the determination of the energy charge, i.e., the cellular energy status, as an overall quality measure for the sample workup and analytical protocols.     

Optical characterization of an unknown single layer: Institut Fresnel contribution to the Optical Interference Coatings 2004 Topical Meeting Measurement Problem

We present the characterizations performed at the Institut Fresnel for the Measurement Problem of the Optical Interference Coatings 2004 Topical Meeting. A single layer coated on a fused-silica substrate of unknown composition and parameters is analyzed in terms of optogeometrical parameters, uniformity, and scattering. We determine the refractive index and the average thickness of the coating, then provide the localized determination of the thickness with a 2 mm spatial resolution. Topography measurements include atomic force microscopy and angle-resolved scattering measurements. These results are completed thanks to a Taylor Hobson noncontact 3D surface profiler.