An autonomous distributed control method based on tie‐set graph theory in future grid

In future power grids where electricity flows bidirectionally, the essential problem is to maximize the total efficiency of distributed energy resources. In complicated and large‐scale systems such as modern power distribution networks, maximizing the efficiency of the entire system as a whole is extremely difficult. To solve the global optimization problem of such a complex network, this paper proposes an efficient distributed control method for future grid on the basis of tie‐set graph theory, where a tie‐set is a set of all the edges in a loop of a graph. On the basis of tie‐set graph theory, global optimization of an entire network can be realized as a result of local optimization in μ‐dimensional liner vector space, where μ is the nullity of the underlying graph of a power network. Although each tie‐set has its limited local information, an entire network is gradually optimized in an orderly manner because of the theoretical basis of a tie‐set graph. Simulation results of several thousand‐node networks demonstrate balanced allocation of dispersed energy resources and thus effectiveness of the proposed method. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Iterative Learning Control Using Adjoint Systems and Stable Inversion

In this paper, we investigate iterative learning control (ILC) for non‐minimum phase systems from a novel viewpoint. For non‐minimum phase systems, the magnitude of a desiredinput obtained by ILC using forward‐time updating and Silverman's inversion are too large because of the influence of the unstable zeros. On the other hand, stable inversion constructs a bounded desired input by using non‐causal inverse for non‐minimum phase systems. In this paper, we first clarify that ILC using an adjoint system achieves the desired input defined by stable inversion. Hence, ILC using an adjoint system is an effective method for the control of non‐minimum phase systems with uncertainty. However, a useful convergence condition of ILC using an adjoint system was not achieved. Next, we develop a simple convergence condition in the frequency domain.     

Radiation damage of bipolar SST due to γ rays of Co

In order to investigate radiation hardness of the bipolar SST transistors, transistor samples were exposed to gamma rays from an intense ⁶⁰Co source. The transistor samples were hard up to a total dose of the order of 10⁴ Gy.     

Out-of-Plane Negative Magnetoresistance of Bi2Sr1.6La0.4CuO6+δ Single Crystals in the Underdoped Region

In order to investigate a relationship between the carrier concentration and negative magnetoresistance in the underdoped region, we have performed out-of-plane electrical resistivity measurements for underdoped Bi ₂ Sr _1.6 La _0.4 CuO ₆₊ single crystals. Giant negative magnetoresistance has been observed in the most abundant carrier sample with = 0.12 in our experiment. The negative magnetoresistance reduces with decreasing carrier concentration.     

Super‐reflective color LCD with PDLC technology

Abstract— A novel reflective color LCD without polarizers has been developed using a PDLC film and a retro‐reflector. Bright color images including moving images are achievable with ambient light. This novel LCD will enable the new application area of electronic paper.     

Preloading clayey deposit by vacuum pressure with cap-drain: Analyses versus performance

A method of improving soft clayey deposit by combining cap-drain (CPVD) with vacuum pressure is described. The method uses a surface or subsurface soil layer as a sealing layer with no need to place an air-tightening sheet on the ground surface. It is explained that the method has advantages for the following situations: (a) a higher air/water permeability layer at ground surface and (b) combining vacuum pressure with embankment load. A case history of consolidating a reclaimed clayey deposit by combining CPVD with vacuum pressure is analyzed and discussed. The site was in an under-consolidated state before starting the project. It is shown that the method is effective, and the method proposed by Chai et al. [Ground deformation induced by vacuum consolidation. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, ASCE 131(12), 1552–1561] for calculating the vacuum-pressure-induced ground deformation is useful for the design of the vacuum consolidation project. The back-calculation shows that for this under-consolidated deposit, vacuum pressure caused plane strain type isotropic deformation near the ground surface.     

采用无偏振片反射式LCD及超低功耗驱动技术制造移动显示器件

我们通过对材料和制备条件的精细化处理,生产出一种在低刷新频率下无闪烁和图像迟滞现象的反射式显示器。该显示器的功耗非常低,且可在宽温度范围内工作,是未来移动显示器件的潜力平台。     

Asymmetric oxidation of poly(vinyl sulfides) with percamphoric acid,aspergillus niger,and penicillium notatum

The asymmetric oxidation of poly(phenylvinyl sulfide) (poly-Ph VS) and poly(t-butylvinyl sulfide) (poly-t-BuVS) was carried out with optically active percamphoric acid, and the optically active polysulfoxides were obtained. The values of the specific rotation for the oxidation products of poly-PhVS and poly-t-BuVS were + 1.0 (having 56% of sulfoxide unit contents) and +9.1 (49%), respectively. The specific rotation of the product increased with increasing the contents of sulfoxide units. The optical rotatory dispersion curves of the oxidation products of poly-PhVS and poly-t-BuVS were positive curves and were found to fit the simple Drude equation. The λ_c values of the oxidation products (poly-PhVS, 271 mμ; poly-t-BuVS, 212 mμ) suggested that the chromophore which caused optically activity was the sulfoxide group. Similarly, the asymmetric oxidation of t-BuVS–MMA copolymer, t-BuVS–styrene copolymer, and PhVS–MMA copolymer was carried out, and the optically active copolysulfoxides were obtained. Furthermore, the biosynthetic oxidation of poly-PhVS and PhVS–maleic anhydride copolymer treated with aqueous KOH was carried out using Aspergillus niger or Penicillium notatum in Czapeck solution, and the optically active polymers were obtained.     

Crosslinking and mechanical property of liquid rubber. I. Curative effect of aliphatic diols

The structure–property relationships of polyurethane elastomer derived from liquid hydroxylterminated polybutadiene/low molecular weight aliphatic diol/diisocyanate system were studied. The effects of the amount of low molecular weight diol on the mechanical properties of elastomer were discussed on the basis of the results of the stress–strain curve, swelling, dynamic viscoelasticity, x-ray diffraction, and others. It was found that some particular combinations of low molecular weight diol and diisocyanate specifically affect the properties of elastomers. When the mechanical properties of the elastomers were plotted against the number of methylene carbons in low molecular weight diol, the characteristic zigzag patterns were obtained. These patterns were explained by the difference in the packing and the dependence of the ability of intermolecular hydrogen bonding on whether the number of the methylene carbons was even or odd. This assumption was confirmed by x-ray diffraction.