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151.
This paper demonstrates our optical measurement system based on near-infrared tunable diode laser absorption spectrometry and reports the results of trace moisture determination in nitrogen and ammonia gases. A near-infrared InGaAsP distributed feedback diode laser operating at room temperature was employed as the optical source. We used a dual-cell detection strategy to cancel common mode noise from the diode laser and remove the effect of the residual moisture absorption in the beam path outside the sample cell. We also used this method to successfully eliminate the interfering absorption of matrix gas molecules such as NH(3). The detection limit of H(2)O absorption of 4 ppb in nitrogen and 12 ppb in ammonia was obtained using a single-pass absorption cell of only 92 cm in length and the average results of 10 scan measurements. This system has characteristics of both the high sensitivity and capability of in situ and real-time measurement. 相似文献
152.
Tani Hiroshi Uesaraie Yuki Lu Renguo Koganezawa Shinji Tagawa Norio 《Microsystem Technologies》2018,24(11):4641-4648
Microsystem Technologies - In this study, the smear by the lubricant and siloxane pickup at the laser heating in the heat assisted magnetic recording (HAMR) was evaluated using our developed... 相似文献
153.
Image content adaptive color breakup index for field sequential color displays using a dominant visual saliency method
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Zong Qin Ying‐Ju Lin Fang‐Cheng Lin Chia‐Wei Kuo Ching‐Huan Lin Norio Sugiura Han‐Ping David Shieh Yi‐Pai Huang 《Journal of the Society for Information Display》2018,26(2):85-97
An index that can predict the perceptual visibility of color breakup for varying image content is valuable in field sequential color displays, whereas the current indices are usually for fixed patterns. To solve this problem, an image database containing 25 diverse reference images and 125 test cases with various color breakup visibility was first established. Next, visual experiments using a 240‐Hz liquid crystal display were performed to acquire the subjective color breakup scores of the test cases. A theorem based on visual saliency theory was proposed that the color breakup perception is mainly determined by the image regions with visual saliency values higher than a certain threshold, called the dominant visual saliency regions. A computational model based on this theorem was developed to obtain objective color breakup scores of the test cases from retinal images with and without color breakup. An analysis of the objective and subjective results revealed a Pearson linear correlation coefficient as high as 0.82, which matches the top‐level image quality assessment algorithms. Finally, the proposed color breakup index was used to benchmark against several mainstream field sequential color algorithms to determine their performances in color breakup suppression. 相似文献
154.
Pore structure of carbons coated on ceramic particles 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Michio Inagaki Shingo Kobayashi Fumi Kojin Nobuyuki Tanaka Takahiro Morishita Beata Tryba 《Carbon》2004,42(15):3153-3158
Pore structure of carbon coated on ceramic particles by carbonization of precursor in a powder mixture at 900 °C was studied by focusing on the effects of substrate ceramics (MgO, TiO2 and various phases of Al2O3) and of carbon precursor (poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) and hydroxyl propyl cellulose (HPC)). By dissolving substrate MgO particles, carbon coated was found to have a high BET surface area, more than 1000 m2/g, which was almost the same as the value estimated from apparent surface area measured on carbon-coated MgO particles under the assumption of zero surface area of the substrate. The carbon separated was found to be rich in micropores from the analyses by DFT method and αs plot. The dependence of the BET surface area on the amount of carbon coated on TiO2 with a high surface area was the same for three carbon precursors, although the carbon yields from the precursors were slightly different. Porous Al2O3 substrates, γ-Al2O3as-received and that formed from Al(OH)3 during carbonization, gave a high BET surface area, but dense Al2O3, α-Al2O3, gave a low surface area. 相似文献
155.
Nobuyoshi Nishizawa Junichi Nishimura Hiroshi Saitoh Kazuhiro Fujiki Norio Tsubokawa 《Progress in Organic Coatings》2005,53(4):306-311
To control the surface wettability of nano-sized silica surface, the postgrafting of hydrophilic and hydrophobic polymers to grafted polymer chains on the surface was investigated. Polymers having blocked isocyanate groups were successfully grafted onto nano-sized silica surface by the graft copolymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) with 2-(O-[1′-methylpropylideneamino]caboxyamino)ethyl methacrylate (MOIB) initiated by azo groups previously introduced onto the surface. The blocked isocyanate groups of poly(MMA-co-MOIB)-grafted silica were stable in a desiccator, but isocyanate groups were readily regenerated by heating at 150 °C. The hydrophilic polymers, such as poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and poly(ethyleneimine) (PEI), were postgrafted onto the poly(MMA-co-MOIB)-grafted silica by the reaction of functional groups of PEG and PEI with pendant isocyanate groups of poly(MMA-co-MOI)-grafted silica to give branched polymer-grafted silica. The percentage of grafting increased with increasing molecular weight of PEG, but the number of postgrafted chain decreased, because of steric hindrance. The hydrophobic polymers, such as poly(dimethylsiloxane) were also postgrafted onto poly(MMA-co-MOI)-grafted silica. It was found that the grafting of hydrophobic polymer and the postgrafting of hydrophilic polymer branches readily controls the wettability of silica surface to water. 相似文献
156.
Masao Morishita Alexandra Navrotsky Martin C. Wilding 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》2004,87(8):1550-1555
The relative partial molar enthalpies, Δ SiO2 , of SiO2 in SiO2 –M2 O (M = Li, Na, K and Cs) binary and SiO2 –CaO–Al2 O3 ternary melts were directly measured by drop-solution calorimetry at 1465 K and 1663 K. Δ SiO2 changes from exothermic to endothermic as silica content increases, confirming the tendency toward immisciblity seen from activity measurements. It is concluded that Δ SiO2 is negative due to acid-base reactions and charge-coupled substitutions when the melt is composed of fewer Q 4 and more Q 3 and Q 2 species, but positive due to structural strain when the melt is composed of mostly Q 4 species. The Δ SiO2 obtained by calorimetry is a useful measure of basicity, when comparing different alkali and alkaline earth oxides. 相似文献
157.
Akihiko Sugai Rie Sakuma Ikuko Fukuda Norio Kurosawa Yuko H. Itoh Kazuo Kon Susumu Ando Toshihiro Itoh 《Lipids》1995,30(4):339-344
The major ether-type lipid structures ofSulfolobus acidocaldarius (ATCC33909) were composed of caldarchaeol and calditoglycerocaldarchaeol. However, the characterization by nuclear magnetic
resonance spectroscopy and mass spectrometry showed that the structure of calditol in calditoglycerocaldarchaeol is not nonitol,
2-(1′,2′,3′-trihydroxypropyl)1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroxyhexane, but 2-hydroxymethyl-1-(2,3-dihydroxypropoxy),2,3,4,5-cyclopentanetetraol
with an ether linkage in the molecule. Such an intermolecular ether linkage was resistant, to BCl3 treatment, but nonresistant to 57% HI degradation treatment conducted at 100°C for 60 h, producting 2-hydroxymethyl-1,2,3,4,5-cyclopentanepentaol
from calditol as reaction product. Further, it was confirmed that the structure of calditol is essentially a derivative of
glycerol, and hydrocarbon chains were conjugated to the glycerol-like site in the structure. The calditol with an ether linkage
in the molecule suggested an important role regarding the properties of heat-resistance and acid-resistance observed inSulfolobales.
Presented at the international workshop on “Molecular Biology and Biotechnology of Extremophiles and Archaebacteria,” Wako,
Japan, August 1993. 相似文献
158.
Accumulation of nitrous oxide in aerobic groundwaters 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
N2O concentrations in the groundwaters collected in the Kanto District and Nagano Prefecture in Japan and five counties in New York State were determined. These N2O data were obtained from the water samples from wells, springs and seepages from soils in forests and cropping fields. The N2O concentrations in all samples greatly exceeded those of atmospheric equilibration. The average concentration of 690 nM N2O is one order of magnitude larger than that in deep ocean. All groundwaters of the present study were aerobic with a high level of NO3−, but with the absence of NO2− and NH4+, and with a very low level of dissolved organic carbon. These characteristics suggest that the nitrate respiration in the aquifers is of little significance for the production of N2O.
ΔN2O/NO3− molar ratios in the groundwaters were between 10−4 and 10−2 (Δ indicates the excess gas over that which would be in equilibrium). This supports the above view since the observed N2O yield agrees with that reported for the production during an ammonia oxidation. If nitrification was indeed a major mechanism for the production of groundwater N2O, subsequent release of N2O from the aquifers that are polluted with nitrogen may deserve more close attention as a potential source of atmospheric N2O via diffusion and discharge. 相似文献
159.
Pitting corrosion is typical corrosion observed on coated hold frames in way of cargo holds of bulk carriers, which exclusively carry coal and iron ore. Extensive survey on the effect of pitting corrosion on structural strength under a wide variety of loading conditions is necessary to clarify the relationship between pitting intensity and residual strength in detail. In the present study, a series of tests has been conducted on structural models which consist of web, shell and face plates to investigate the effect of pitting corrosion on strength of web plates subjected to patch loading. In these tests, artificial pitting was made on the web plates and two equal concentrated loads have been applied vertically at the one third points of simply supported models. It was found that web crippling behavior is strongly affected by the pit distribution on the web plates. According to the FE-analyses following the experiment, ultimate strength of the web plates with pitting under patch loading is a little smaller than or almost the same as that of the web plates with uniform corrosion in terms of average thickness loss. 相似文献
160.
Organics removal of combined wastewater through shallow soil infiltration treatment: a field and laboratory study 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3
Soil infiltration treatment (SIT) was proved to be an effective and low-cost treatment technique for decentralized effluents in the areas without perfect sewage systems. Field-scale experiments were conducted under several conditions to assess organics removals through a shallow soil infiltration treatment (SSIT, with effective depth 0.3m) of combined wastewater (discharge from toilets, restaurants and a gas station), while bench-scale soil column experiments were performed in laboratory in parallel to investigate biological and abiological effects of this kind of system. From the start-up to the 10th month, the field SSIT trenches experienced the lowest and highest temperatures of the operation period in Shanghai and exhibited effective organics removals after maturation, with the highest removal rate 75.8% of chemical oxygen demand (COD), highest ultraviolet absorption at 254 nm (UV(254)) decrease by 67.2% and 35.2-100% removals of phenolic and phthalate pollutants. The laboratory results indicated that more organics could be removed in room-temperatured (25+/-2 degrees C) SSIT systems under different influent COD concentrations from 45 mg/l to 406 mg/l, and the highest total COD removal rate could reach 94.0%, in which biological effect accounted for 57.7-71.9%. The results showed that temperature and hydraulic loading rate were the most important factors influencing the removals of COD and organic pollutants in SSIT. 相似文献