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61.
There is an increasing use of computer media for negotiations. However, the use of computer-mediated channels increases the hostile expressions of emotion, termed flaming. Although researchers agree that flaming has important effects on negotiation, predictions concerning these effects are inconsistent, suggesting a need for further investigation. We address this need by extending current flaming and negotiation research in two ways. First, we identify two different types of flaming: that which is motivated by perceptions concerning the negotiating opponent (e.g., he/she is unfair) and that which is motivated by perceptions concerning the negotiating context (e.g., the communication channel is too slow). Second, we differentiate between the effects of flaming on the concession behaviors of the flame sender and the flame recipient, and the effects of these behaviors on negotiated agreement. Via a laboratory study, we demonstrate that flames directed at the negotiation opponent slightly decrease the likelihood of reaching an agreement, and when an agreement is reached, it result in outcomes significantly favoring the flame recipient rather than the flame sender. In contrast, flames directed at the negotiation context significantly increase the likelihood of agreement, although outcomes still favor the flame recipient over the flame sender. These results suggest that flame senders are generally worse off than flame recipients, which provides an important basis for the strategic use of flaming in negotiations. 相似文献
62.
K. Levin Y. Zha R. J. Radtke Q. Si M. R. Norman H. -B. Schüttler 《Journal of Superconductivity》1994,7(3):563-570
We review the spin dynamics of the normal state of the cuprates with special emphasis on neutron data in both the YBa2Cu3O7– and La2–x
Sr
x
CuO4 systems. When realistic models of the Fermi surface shapes are incorporated, along with a moderate degree of spin fluctuations, we find good semiquantitative agreement with experiment for both cuprates. Building on the success of this Fermi-liquid-based scheme, we explore the implications ford-wave pairing from a number of vantage points. We conclude that our present experimental and theoretical understanding is inadequate to confirm or refute thed-wave scenario. 相似文献
63.
64.
65.
Norman Weiss 《Robotics and Autonomous Systems》2009,57(10):982-995
One of the main tasks of mobile robotics is vision. Lighting independence, adaptivity and automated learning are still the main issues when it comes to applications. In this article, we present an image understanding system and its methods targeting automatic, lighting-independent and reliable color-based object recognition under real time conditions. Its application test bed is global vision robot soccer (i.e. FIRA MiroSot und RoboCup Small Size leagues) but it has many other applications in color-based supervision of moving objects. Under typical conditions, it learns the objects of recognition automatically, has zero setup time and tolerates environmental changes during run-time. 相似文献
66.
Since its introduction in 2000, there has been much interest in the use of optical mouse technology for displacement sensing and motion tracking. A conventional optical mouse configuration uses a single source of illumination but tests have shown that this can result in differences in sensor sensitivity in the x- and y-axes. This paper presents an investigation into the use of an optical mouse sensor for a two-dimensional, contact-free measurement device. It has been found that two-axis illumination can improve the accuracy of position measurement in two dimensions when compared with single-axis illumination. The effects of acceleration and deceleration on sensor accuracy have also been considered and it has been shown that sensor sensitivity is higher under conditions of acceleration than when decelerating. 相似文献
67.
Tomasz Fałat Kazimierz Friedel Norman Marenco Stephan Warnat 《Microsystem Technologies》2009,15(1):181-190
The current paper focuses on several mechanical aspects of a waferlevel packaging approach using a direct face-to-face Chip-to-Wafer
(C2W) bonding of a MEMS device on an ASIC substrate wafer. Requirements of minimized inherent stress from packaging and good
decoupling from forces applied in manufacturing and application are discussed with particular attention to the presence of
through-silicon vias (TSV) in the substrate wafer. The paper deals with FEM analysis of temperature excursion, pressure during
molding, materials used and handling load influence on mechanical stress within the TSV system and on wafer level, which can
be large enough to disintegrate the system. 相似文献
68.
Anthony?Etuk Timothy?J.?Norman Murat??ensoyEmail author Mudhakar?Srivatsa 《Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems》2017,31(3):531-560
The presence of numerous and disparate information sources available to support decision-making calls for efficient methods of harnessing their potential. Information sources may be unreliable, and misleading reports can affect decisions. Existing trust and reputation mechanisms typically rely on reports from as many sources as possible to mitigate the influence of misleading reports on decisions. In the real world, however, it is often the case that querying information sources can be costly in terms of energy, bandwidth, delay overheads, and other constraints. We present a model of source selection and fusion in resource-constrained environments, where there is uncertainty regarding the trustworthiness of sources. We exploit diversity among sources to stratify them into homogeneous subgroups to both minimise redundant sampling and mitigate the effect of certain biases. Through controlled experiments, we demonstrate that a diversity-based approach is robust to biases introduced due to dependencies among source reports, performs significantly better than existing approaches when sampling budget is limited and equally as good with an unlimited budget. 相似文献
69.
Karel Domansky Josiah D. Sliz Norman Wen Christopher Hinojosa Guy ThompsonII Jacob P. Fraser Tiama Hamkins-Indik Geraldine A. Hamilton Daniel Levner Donald E. Ingber 《Microfluidics and nanofluidics》2017,21(6):107
The majority of microfluidic devices used for cell culture, including Organ-on-a-Chips (Organ Chips), are fabricated using polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) polymer because it is flexible, optically clear, and easy to mold. However, PDMS possesses significant challenges for high volume manufacturing and its tendency to absorb small hydrophobic compounds limits its usefulness as a material in devices used for drug evaluation studies. Here, we demonstrate that a subset of optically clear, elastomeric, styrenic block copolymers based on styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene exhibit reduced absorption of small hydrophobic molecules and drug compounds compared to PDMS and that they can be fabricated into microfluidic devices with fine features and the flexibility required for Organ Chips using mass production techniques of injection molding and extrusion. 相似文献
70.
Aging and imperfections provide important visual cues for realism. We present a novel physically‐based approach for simulating the biological aging and decay process in fruits. This method simulates interactions between multiple processes. Our biologically‐derived, reaction‐diffusion model generates growth patterns for areas of fungal and bacterial infection. Fungal colony spread and propagation is affected by both bacterial growth and nutrient depletion. This process changes the physical properties of the surface of the fruit as well as its internal volume substrate. The fruit is physically simulated with parameters such as skin thickness and porosity, water content, flesh rigidity, ambient temperature, humidity, and proximity to other surfaces. Our model produces a simulation that closely mirrors the progression of decay in real fruits under similar parameterized conditions. Additionally, we provide a tool that allows artists to customize the input of the program to produce generalized fruit simulations. 相似文献