A-Eye: Automating the role of the third umpire in the game of cricket

Cricket is a sport that involves two teams, say Team A and Team B, and two field umpires. Initially, Team A bats to score some runs, while Team B balls. Then, Team A balls and Team B bats to overcome the score of Team A. If this happens, then Team B wins. Otherwise, Team A wins. The balling team can dismiss a batsman from scoring through a Run-Out, i.e., the batsman fails to enter an area before three stumps are dislodged in that area. In this case, a third umpire makes the ‘Run-Out/Not-Out’ decision through video technology. This process can consume around one minute which disrupts the pace of the game. In this paper, we propose and validate a novel technology called A-Eye, which automates the role of the third umpire. By applying A-Eye to a set of autonomously-filmed Run-Out videos, we show that it is efficient as compared to the third umpire, and almost as accurate. Also, it can be used to estimate a rating for the field umpires. These results have been recognized internationally, and have convinced our local cricket council to employ A-Eye within a professional cricket tournament.     

PbS nanocrystal solar cells fabricated using microwave-assisted chemical bath deposition

n-CdS/p-PbS heterojunction solar cell was fabricated using microwave-assisted Chemical Bath Deposition (CBD). The CdS window layer (340 nm thickness) was deposited on ITO-glass. The PbS absorber layer (685–1250 nm thickness) with different molar concentration (0.02, 0.05, 0.075 and 0.1 M) was then grown on ITO/CdS to fabricate the p–n junction. X-ray diffraction analysis confirms the formation of pure and nanocrystalline CdS and PbS phases with a preferred orientation depending on molarity; (111) or (200). Scanning electron microscopy observations show a uniform surface morphology with gatherings. UV–Vis spectrophotometer and FTIR was used to estimate the optical properties. Optical measurements gave an energy gap of 2.6 eV for CdS whereas that for PbS thin films were found to vary in a narrow range 0.40–0.47 eV, depending on the molar concentration. The photovoltaic properties under 30 mW/cm² solar radiation including J–V characteristics, short-circuit current (I_sc), open-circuit voltage (V_oc), fill factor (ff), efficiency (η) of CdS/PbS heterojunction cells have been as well examined. The results show that changing the molar concentration improved the performances of the fabricated photovoltaic cells; a high efficiency was observed at 0.1 M. However, high series resistance and poor crystallinity of PbS lead to low efficiency at lower molarity.     

Development and validation of a deep learning-based algorithm for drowsiness detection in facial photographs

Multimedia Tools and Applications - Drowsiness is a feeling of sleepiness before the sleep onset and has severe implications from a safety perspective for the individuals involved in industrial...     

Hydrogenated Silicon Carbonitride Thin Film Nanostructuring Using SF6 Plasma: Structural and Optical Analysis

Silicon - Hydrogenated silicon carbonitride thin films have been deposited on silicon substrates in a plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) system using hexamethyldisilazane (HMDSN:...     

Investigation of structural and electrochemical properties of Na2Mn2(SO4)3 cathode for sodium-ion batteries

Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics - Electrode materials with the benefits of high working voltage, low cost, and environmental benign are needed for the realization of...     

Influence of substrate temperature and solution molarity on CuO thin films' properties prepared by spray pyrolysis

Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics - In the present work, we have investigated the influence of substrate temperature and solution concentration on copper oxide (CuO) thin film...     

Authentication of Vehicles and Road Side Units in Intelligent Transportation System

Security threats to smart and autonomous vehicles cause potential consequences such as traffic accidents, economically damaging traffic jams, hijacking, motivating to wrong routes, and financial losses for businesses and governments. Smart and autonomous vehicles are connected wirelessly, which are more attracted for attackers due to the open nature of wireless communication. One of the problems is the rogue attack, in which the attacker pretends to be a legitimate user or access point by utilizing fake identity. To figure out the problem of a rogue attack, we propose a reinforcement learning algorithm to identify rogue nodes by exploiting the channel state information of the communication link. We consider the communication link between vehicle-tovehicle, and vehicle-to-infrastructure. We evaluate the performance of our proposed technique by measuring the rogue attack probability, false alarm rate (FAR), misdetection rate (MDR), and utility function of a receiver based on the test threshold values of reinforcement learning algorithm. The results show that the FAR and MDR are decreased significantly by selecting an appropriate threshold value in order to improve the receiver’s utility.     

Properties of Compliant Substrates Based on Porous Silicon Formed by Two-stage Etching

Semiconductors - Abstract—Our work reports on the influence of etching modes and their combination on the design, microstructural and optical properties of compliant substrates based on...     

Shared Cache Based on Content Addressable Memory in a Multi-Core Architecture

Modern shared-memory multi-core processors typically have shared Level 2 (L2) or Level 3 (L3) caches. Cache bottlenecks and replacement strategies are the main problems of such architectures, where multiple cores try to access the shared cache simultaneously. The main problem in improving memory performance is the shared cache architecture and cache replacement. This paper documents the implementation of a Dual-Port Content Addressable Memory (DPCAM) and a modified Near-Far Access Replacement Algorithm (NFRA), which was previously proposed as a shared L2 cache layer in a multi-core processor. Standard Performance Evaluation Corporation (SPEC) Central Processing Unit (CPU) 2006 benchmark workloads are used to evaluate the benefit of the shared L2 cache layer. Results show improved performance of the multicore processor’s DPCAM and NFRA algorithms, corresponding to a higher number of concurrent accesses to shared memory. The new architecture significantly increases system throughput and records performance improvements of up to 8.7% on various types of SPEC 2006 benchmarks. The miss rate is also improved by about 13%, with some exceptions in the sphinx3 and bzip2 benchmarks. These results could open a new window for solving the long-standing problems with shared cache in multi-core processors.